tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65516223030928461322024-03-02T01:05:36.905+00:00Kinkatso & Co.<i>Le silence éternel de ces
espaces infinis m'effraie</i>
~ Pascal, Pensée 206 daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.comBlogger475125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-76222205401529676312023-10-08T11:53:00.000+01:002023-10-08T11:53:15.970+01:00I STAND WITH ISRAEL.... ALWAYS!<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0u0ka3-miZtyAygVNtUO5IYn6RW7m10HcIbhcvj2QX6BVyIdGyCRrRZV4ZXztPGUMnjKhlWiIcaFDcnIGdZeoVxnxapJ9Uw55J9LgDtuD86ajdWBfow45FPSZgUGLFSf44O1gLTFHU53m/s1700/pro-ISRAEL.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1107" data-original-width="1700" height="341" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0u0ka3-miZtyAygVNtUO5IYn6RW7m10HcIbhcvj2QX6BVyIdGyCRrRZV4ZXztPGUMnjKhlWiIcaFDcnIGdZeoVxnxapJ9Uw55J9LgDtuD86ajdWBfow45FPSZgUGLFSf44O1gLTFHU53m/w524-h341/pro-ISRAEL.jpg" width="524" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #990000; font-size: large;">I stand with Israel, and you should too!</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">The world cannot sit on the fence when terrorism <br />is killing innocent people</span>.</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;">Israel, I love you!</span></b></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-33528813718164664202023-08-31T22:54:00.015+01:002023-09-02T17:13:37.495+01:00MY MUSICAL MEMORIES...<p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijIst9jwasivskMw4t5YiPloQm_nnkKhD05FnyXsRpRxQYIzWVfagUxPqy2uG26dx8q4mP5XR9bEcvpyTGKkxs1rFIc-7gOrtdcrc44o0OFWscsS526GGXMw6CMLfWpawJMoosoOteJFDfxnRbI5hPlLLU__20trBPYwYm0cxalcrodDgc0H_X4-Rwavd8/s400/HippieDad01.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijIst9jwasivskMw4t5YiPloQm_nnkKhD05FnyXsRpRxQYIzWVfagUxPqy2uG26dx8q4mP5XR9bEcvpyTGKkxs1rFIc-7gOrtdcrc44o0OFWscsS526GGXMw6CMLfWpawJMoosoOteJFDfxnRbI5hPlLLU__20trBPYwYm0cxalcrodDgc0H_X4-Rwavd8/w250-h333/HippieDad01.jpg" width="250" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">Me, Kinkatso<br /></span></i></b><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">Hey, I'm just an old hippie! <br />You know, peace and love...</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table>I was born in the 1950s, when the rock 'n' roll movement was quickly coming to an end with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Day_the_Music_Died">the Day the Music Died</a> (as explained in the song "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Pie_(song)">American Pie</a>"), the scandal of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>' marriage to his 13-year-old cousin, and the induction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley">Elvis Presley</a> into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army">United States Army</a>. As the 1960s began, the major rock 'n' roll stars of the '50s such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry">Chuck Berry</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard">Little Richard</a> had dropped off the charts and popular music in the U.S. came to be dominated by girl groups, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_music">surf music</a>, novelty pop songs, clean-cut teen idols, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motown">Motown</a> music. Another important change in music during the early 1960s was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_folk_music_revival">American folk music revival</a> which introduced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio">The Kingston Trio</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odetta">Odetta</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Ochs">Phil Ochs</a>, and many other singer-songwriters to the public.<br /><br />Girl groups and female singers, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shirelles">the Shirelles</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Everett">Betty Everett</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Eva">Little Eva</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dixie_Cups">the Dixie Cups</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ronettes">the Ronettes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_and_the_Vandellas">Martha and the Vandellas</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Supremes">the Supremes</a> dominated the charts in the early 1960s. This style consisted typically of light pop themes about teenage romance and lifestyles, backed by vocal harmonies and a strong rhythm. Most girl groups were African-American, but white girl groups and singers, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_Gore">Lesley Gore</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Angels_(American_group)">the Angels</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shangri-Las">the Shangri-Las</a> also emerged during this period.<br /><br />Around the same time, record producer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Spector">Phil Spector</a> began producing girl groups and created a new kind of pop music production that came to be known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_of_Sound">Wall of Sound</a>. This style emphasized higher budgets and more elaborate arrangements, and more melodramatic musical themes in place of a simple, light-hearted pop sound. Spector's innovations became integral to the growing sophistication of popular music from 1965 onward.<br /><br />Also during the early 1960s, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_rock">surf rock</a> emerged, a rock subgenre that was centered in Southern California and based on beach and surfing themes, in addition to the usual songs about teenage romance and innocent fun. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beach_Boys">The Beach Boys</a> quickly became the premier surf rock band and almost completely and single-handedly overshadowed the many lesser-known artists in the subgenre. Surf rock reached its peak in 1963–1965 before gradually being overtaken by bands influenced by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion">British Invasion</a> and the counterculture movement.<br /><br />The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_song">car song</a> also emerged as a rock subgenre in the early 1960s, which focused on teenagers' fascination with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_culture">car culture</a>. The Beach Boys also dominated this subgenre, along with the duo <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_and_Dean">Jan and Dean</a>. Such notable songs include "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Deuce_Coupe_(song)">Little Deuce Coupe</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/409_(song)">409</a>", and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shut_Down_(The_Beach_Boys_song)">Shut Down</a>", all by the Beach Boys; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_and_Dean">Jan and Dean</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Old_Lady_from_Pasadena">Little Old Lady from Pasadena</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_City_(song)">Drag City</a>", <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronny_and_the_Daytonas">Ronny and the Daytonas</a>' "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_GTO">Little GTO</a>", and many others. Like girl groups and surf rock, car songs also became overshadowed by the British Invasion and the counterculture movement.<br /><br />The early 1960s also saw the golden age of another rock subgenre, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_tragedy_song">teen tragedy song</a>, which focused on lost teen romance caused by sudden death, mainly in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_collision">traffic accidents</a>. Such songs included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Dinning">Mark Dinning</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Angel_(song)">Teen Angel</a>", <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Peterson">Ray Peterson</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Laura_I_Love_Her">Tell Laura I Love Her</a>", <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_and_Dean">Jan and Dean</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Curve_(song)">Dead Man's Curve</a>", <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shangri-Las">the Shangri-Las</a>' "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Pack">Leader of the Pack</a>", and perhaps the subgenre's most popular, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Kiss">Last Kiss</a>" by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Frank_Wilson_and_the_Cavaliers">J. Frank Wilson and the Cavaliers</a>.<br /><br />In the early 1960s, Britain became a hotbed of rock 'n' roll activity during this time. In late 1963, the Beatles embarked on their first US tour and cult singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Springfield">Dusty Springfield</a> released her first solo single. A few months later, rock 'n' roll founding father <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry">Chuck Berry</a> emerged from a 2+1⁄2-year prison stint and resumed recording and touring. The stage was set for the spectacular revival of rock music.<br /><br />In the UK, the Beatles played raucous rock 'n' roll – as well as doo wop, girl-group songs, show tunes – and wore leather jackets. Their manager <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Epstein">Brian Epstein</a> encouraged the group to wear suits. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a> abruptly exploded after the group's appearance on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a> in 1964. Late in 1965, the Beatles released the album <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_Soul">Rubber Soul</a> which marked the beginning of their transition to a sophisticated power pop group with elaborate studio arrangements and production, and a year after that, they gave up touring entirely to focus only on albums. A host of imitators followed the Beatles in the so-called British Invasion, including groups like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kinks">the Kinks</a> who would become legends in their own right.<br /><br />As the counterculture movement developed, artists began making new kinds of music influenced by the use of psychedelic drugs. Guitarist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a> emerged onto the scene in 1967 with a radically new approach to electric guitar that replaced Chuck Berry, previously seen as the gold standard of rock guitar. Rock artists began to take on serious themes and social commentary/protest instead of simplistic pop themes.<br /><br />A major development in popular music during the mid-1960s was the movement away from singles and towards albums. Previously, popular music was based around the 45 single (or even earlier, the 78 single) and albums such as they existed were little more than a hit single or two backed with filler tracks, instrumentals, and covers. The development of the AOR (album-oriented rock) format was complicated and involved several concurrent events such as Phil Spector's Wall of Sound, the introduction by Bob Dylan of "serious" lyrics to rock music, and the Beatles' new studio-based approach. In any case, after 1965 the vinyl LP had definitively taken over as the primary format for all popular music styles.<br /><br />Blues also continued to develop strongly during the '60s, but after 1965, it increasingly shifted to the young white rock audience and away from its traditional black audience, which moved on to other styles such as soul and funk.<br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz">Jazz</a> music and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_pop">pop standards</a> during the first half of the 1960s was largely a continuation of 1950s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coltrane">John Coltrane</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_King_Cole">Nat King Cole</a> precipitated a decline in the genre. The takeover of rock in the late 1960s largely spelled the end of jazz and standards as mainstream forms of music, after they had dominated much of the first half of the 20th century.<br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music">Country music</a> gained popularity on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_coast_of_the_United_States">West Coast</a>, due in large part to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield_sound">Bakersfield sound</a>, led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_Owens">Buck Owens</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>. Female country artists were also becoming more mainstream (in a genre dominated by men in previous decades), with such acts as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Cline">Patsy Cline</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loretta_Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a>.<br /><br />Already heralded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_MacInnes">Colin MacInnes</a>' 1959 novel <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Beginners_(novel)">Absolute Beginners</a> which captured London's emerging youth culture,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_Sixties#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Swinging London was underway by the mid-1960s and included music by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles">the Beatles</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kinks">the Kinks</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Who">the Who</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Faces">Small Faces</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Animals">the Animals</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Springfield">Dusty Springfield</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulu_(singer)">Lulu</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilla_Black">Cilla Black</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandie_Shaw">Sandie Shaw</a> and other artists from what was known in the US as the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion">British Invasion</a>".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_Sixties#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock">Psychedelic rock</a> from artists such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_(band)">Cream</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procol_Harum">Procol Harum</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jimi_Hendrix_Experience">the Jimi Hendrix Experience</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_(band)">Traffic</a> grew significantly in popularity.<br /><br />Large venues, besides former music halls, included <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London">Hyde</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Park,_London">Alexandra</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsbury_Park">Finsbury Parks</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clapham_Common">Clapham Common</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley_Arena">Empire Pool (which became Wembley Arena)</a>. This sort of music was heard in the United Kingdom on TV shows such as the BBC's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops">Top of the Pops</a> (where the Rolling Stones were the first band to perform with "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Wanna_Be_Your_Man">I Wanna Be Your Man</a>"), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)">ITV</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready_Steady_Go!">Ready Steady Go!</a> (which would feature <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Mann">Manfred Mann</a>'s "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-4-3-2-1">5-4-3-2-1</a>" as its theme tune), on commercial radio stations such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Luxembourg">Radio Luxembourg</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Caroline">Radio Caroline</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful_Radio_London">Radio London</a>, and from 1967 on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_One">BBC Radio One</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_Sixties#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_Sixties#cite_note-13">[13]</a><br /><br />The Rolling Stones' 1966 album <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_(Rolling_Stones_album)">Aftermath</a> has been cited by music scholars as a reflection of Swinging London. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_MacDonald">Ian MacDonald</a> said, with the album the Stones were chronicling the phenomenon, while Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon called it "the soundtrack of Swinging London, a gift to hip young people".<br /><br />During the early 1970s, popular music continued to be dominated by musicians who had achieved fame during the 1950s and the 1960s such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stones">Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Who">The Who</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loretta_Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_Twitty">Conway Twitty</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grateful_Dead">The Grateful Dead</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>. In addition, many newcomer rock groups such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> appeared. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles">The Beatles</a> disbanded in 1970, but each member of the band immediately released a highly successful solo album, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> especially would remain extremely popular throughout the decade. Singer-songwriters such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John">Elton John</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Taylor">James Taylor</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Browne">Jackson Browne</a> also came into vogue during the early 1970s.<p></p><p>So, to make a long story short, the <i><b>Sixties </b></i>and <b><i>Seventies</i></b> form the background of my musical predilections. Here is a selection of my preferences:<br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="387" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mFM4h7ut3ng" width="483" youtube-src-id="mFM4h7ut3ng"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>BILITIS</i>, music soundtrack by Francis Lai</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="401" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7I0vkKy504U" width="482" youtube-src-id="7I0vkKy504U"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>SAN FRANCISCO</i>, by Scott McKenzie</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="406" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tccpGP80oik" width="488" youtube-src-id="tccpGP80oik"></iframe><br /><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>WORDS</i>, by the Bee Gees</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="404" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mQER0A0ej0M" width="485" youtube-src-id="mQER0A0ej0M"></iframe><br /><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>HEY JUDE</i>, by The Beatles</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="401" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5BQlJVIyb6k" width="482" youtube-src-id="5BQlJVIyb6k"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>THE MAGNIFICENT SEVEN</i>, soundtrack by Elmer Bernstein</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="397" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MMFj8uDubsE" width="478" youtube-src-id="MMFj8uDubsE"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>BLOWIN' IN THE WIND</i>, by Bob Dylan</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="389" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bpZvg_FjL3Q" width="468" youtube-src-id="bpZvg_FjL3Q"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>HURRICANE</i>, by Bob Dylan</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="386" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IwOfCgkyEj0" width="464" youtube-src-id="IwOfCgkyEj0"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>LIKE A ROLLING STONE</i>, by Bob Dylan</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="384" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/n_56ep729TE" width="462" youtube-src-id="n_56ep729TE"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>SUZANNE</i>, by Leonard Cohen</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="383" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EDb303T-B1w" width="461" youtube-src-id="EDb303T-B1w"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>SURFIN' USA</i>, by The Beach Boys</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="378" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/apBWI6xrbLY" width="455" youtube-src-id="apBWI6xrbLY"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>GOOD VIBRATIONS</i>, by The Beach Boys</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="371" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KOok1WzZbOY" width="445" youtube-src-id="KOok1WzZbOY"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>CALIFORNIA DREAMIN'</i>, by The Mamas & The Papas</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="367" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/O98LYvY2gEU" width="442" youtube-src-id="O98LYvY2gEU"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>MONDAY MONDAY</i>, by The Mamas & The Papas</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="363" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WI5mld3uDz8" width="436" youtube-src-id="WI5mld3uDz8"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>LE METEQUE</i>, by Georges Moustaki</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="366" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F3vCB3YBMUo" width="440" youtube-src-id="F3vCB3YBMUo"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>FOREVER AND EVER</i>, by Demis Roussos</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="370" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/91HkvzUiFhs" width="445" youtube-src-id="91HkvzUiFhs"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>THE SOUNDS OF SILENCE</i>, by Simon & Garfunkel</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="368" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9C1BCAgu2I8" width="443" youtube-src-id="9C1BCAgu2I8"></iframe></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>MRS. ROBINSON</i>, by Simon & Garfunkel</span></b></div></i><p style="text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="367" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y_tPE3o5NWk" width="441" youtube-src-id="Y_tPE3o5NWk"></iframe><br /><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>LOVE IS BLUE</i>, by Paul Mauriat</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="367" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X03D8rWwf_8" width="442" youtube-src-id="X03D8rWwf_8"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i style="font-style: italic;"><b>LOVE STORY</b></i><i> - </i>One hour sound track for piano and <br />violin of the beautiful song by Francis Lai</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="368" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HRCMJ2hkcRs" width="443" youtube-src-id="HRCMJ2hkcRs"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>JAMES BOND MEDLEY</i>, performed by <br />the WDR Funkhausorchester</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="370" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/g9G201XW4Js" width="445" youtube-src-id="g9G201XW4Js"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>LOVE'S THEME</i>, by Barry White</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="363" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vbCH5lnZ6sA" width="436" youtube-src-id="vbCH5lnZ6sA"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>AQUARIUS</i>, by The 5th Dimension</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="359" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/55xQu9eIPIA" width="433" youtube-src-id="55xQu9eIPIA"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>EVERYBODY'S TALKING</i>, by Harry Nilsson</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MIIU9xkGAMs" width="433" youtube-src-id="MIIU9xkGAMs"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>DELILAH</i>, by Tom Jones</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="357" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pUiAhclmvfE" width="430" youtube-src-id="pUiAhclmvfE"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>AFRICAN BEAT</i>, by Bert Kaempfert</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="353" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WiWWa-T0EIY" width="425" youtube-src-id="WiWWa-T0EIY"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>LARA'S THEME (Dr. Zhivago)</i>, by Maurice Jarre</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="351" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gutE8I0Tk3E" width="421" youtube-src-id="gutE8I0Tk3E"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>ROCK YOUR BABY</i>, by George McCrae</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="351" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8Ff2Z0Dq2sg" width="422" youtube-src-id="8Ff2Z0Dq2sg"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>MY GIRL</i>, by The Temptations</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="345" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6qx7P_YX2z4" width="415" youtube-src-id="6qx7P_YX2z4"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>C'ERA UNA VOLTA IL WEST</i>, by Ennio Moricone</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="348" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oA4wAwUgJds" width="418" youtube-src-id="oA4wAwUgJds"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>ADDIO A CHEYENNE</i>, by Ennio Moricone</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="347" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Jjq6e1LJHxw" width="418" youtube-src-id="Jjq6e1LJHxw"></iframe></div><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">THE BEST OF ENNIO MORICONE<br /></span></i><span style="color: #cc0000;">(Greatest Hits)</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="350" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q6JW3KKeGKQ" width="421" youtube-src-id="Q6JW3KKeGKQ"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>ACQUA AZZURRA, ACQUA CHIARA</i>, by Lucio Battisti</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="348" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JGJdU2dpYxg" width="419" youtube-src-id="JGJdU2dpYxg"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>SAMBA PA TI</i>, by Carlos Santana</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="341" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4-43lLKaqBQ" width="410" youtube-src-id="4-43lLKaqBQ"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>HOUSE OF THE RISING SUN</i>, The Animals</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="339" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u1V8YRJnr4Q" width="409" youtube-src-id="u1V8YRJnr4Q"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>HAVE YOU EVER SEEN THE RAIN</i>, by Creedence Clearwater Revival</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="331" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zUQiUFZ5RDw" width="398" youtube-src-id="zUQiUFZ5RDw"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>BAD MOON RISING</i>, </span></b><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">by Creedence Clearwater Revival</span></b><b><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="326" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Jwy4eIUBDvE" width="392" youtube-src-id="Jwy4eIUBDvE"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>LONG COOL WOMAN IN A BLACK DRESS</i>, by The Hollies</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="325" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AR4lpQWcT5g" width="391" youtube-src-id="AR4lpQWcT5g"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>MY SWEET LORD</i>, by George Harrison</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="325" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cs4RG9u8IVU" width="391" youtube-src-id="cs4RG9u8IVU"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>NIGHTS IN WHITE SATIN</i>, by The Moody Blues</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="322" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/z0vCwGUZe1I" width="387" youtube-src-id="z0vCwGUZe1I"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>A WHITER SHADE OF PALE</i>, by Procol Harum</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="323" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/09839DpTctU" width="388" youtube-src-id="09839DpTctU"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>HOTEL CALIFORNIA</i>, by the Eagles</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="322" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/r8RoUOW8ma0" width="387" youtube-src-id="r8RoUOW8ma0"></iframe></div><span style="color: #cc0000;"><i>NO WOMAN, NO CRY</i>, by Bob Marley</span><br /><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span></b></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-size: large;">To be continued... </span><i style="background-color: #ffd966; font-size: large;">(I'm open to suggestions, c'mon!)</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-13859399661603112132023-08-30T21:09:00.002+01:002023-08-30T22:18:19.480+01:00MUSIC AND PRAYER<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRk8kxIGMH9PkSn-Xs4YspfeWOqYA3IeHIgdFc_5wQ75THjkcZBty7hDqWXNovlKRq09VXtNqp2skCHQbFPQAUnadNiktFxTCb7WZbUb0LrtkE2DXNaY-VXQ1WMRkpx-gOTNz3SZ7YLd-ajahzDw219csBRKAZmqPls-yroeOPEUmkifpKIaSzDMOD4T4I" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1368" data-original-width="2280" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRk8kxIGMH9PkSn-Xs4YspfeWOqYA3IeHIgdFc_5wQ75THjkcZBty7hDqWXNovlKRq09VXtNqp2skCHQbFPQAUnadNiktFxTCb7WZbUb0LrtkE2DXNaY-VXQ1WMRkpx-gOTNz3SZ7YLd-ajahzDw219csBRKAZmqPls-yroeOPEUmkifpKIaSzDMOD4T4I=w508-h305" width="508" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span style="color: #990000;">A young Bob Dylan singing his songs</span></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: center;"> <span face="chaparral-pro, serif" style="color: #1d2936; font-size: 4.5rem;">Why Music is Fundamental to Jewish Prayer</span></p><p class="m-content__subtitle" style="color: #717171; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.75rem; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px auto 1em; max-width: 50pc; opacity: 1; text-align: center;">Jewish tradition teaches that music unlocks the door to divine connection.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Music is the most immaterial and ephemeral of all the art forms. We can’t see music, we can’t grasp it in our hands, but we can feel it working through us and the world. As such, music represents our connection to the divine, to each other, to everything. Music is a wordless prayer that opens up our imaginations to the divine source of all life.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">In the Hebrew numerological system known as <a href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/gematria/" style="box-shadow: rgb(63, 198, 243) 0px -0.1em 0px inset; color: #1d2936; opacity: 1; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) 0px 1px 0px; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">Gematria</a>, the numerical value of the words for prayer, <em>tefillah</em>, and song, <em>shirah</em>, are identical. From this we can see that music is a form of prayer, and prayer is a form of music. They are like two legs of the spiritual throne, mutually supporting each other. Indeed, the Talmud teaches us that music and prayer are virtually synonymous, declaring:</p><blockquote style="border-left: 4px solid rgb(63, 198, 243); color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1.5em;"><p style="font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Where there is song, there is prayer <a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="Berakhot 6a" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.6a?lang=he-en&utm_source=myjewishlearning.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(183, 183, 183); box-shadow: none; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; opacity: 1; padding: 2px 9px 0px 5px; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) 0px 1px 0px; text-transform: inherit; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank"><i>Berakhot 6a</i></a></p></blockquote><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">What is the source of this linkage? Is it possible that music can open our ears and our hearts so that we can better sense the nuance and subtleties of the world around us? If we open our mouths and sing our imperfect songs, can we connect with the divine songs of all creation? Can our prayer chants open the gates of heaven? Can our melodies unlock divine mysteries?</p><div class="mjl-teads-ad" id="mjl-teads-ad" style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 16px;"><div class="teads-inread" style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; margin: 15px auto; max-width: 550px; overflow: hidden; transition: height 0.5s ease 0s;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="teads-ui-components-adchoices" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 15px 15px; color: black; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; height: 15px; line-height: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 1px; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: 3px; width: 15px; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="teads-ui-components-label" style="color: #585858; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5px; height: 21px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;"></div><div class="teads-player" id="teads0" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><iframe allow="autoplay; attribution-reporting 'src' https://cm.teads.tv" data-gtm-yt-inspected-11="true" data-gtm-yt-inspected-667877_116="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="border-style: initial !important; border-width: 0px !important; float: none !important; height: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px !important; width: 0px !important;" title="vpaid-ui"></iframe></div></div></div></div><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Jewish tradition suggests that it can. The prophets of ancient Israel surrounded themselves with music, using its power to help them enter an ecstatic mindset. In one story, the prophet Elisha wanted to hear the word of God, so he requested that a musician start to play. As soon as the musician played, Elisha’s prophetic abilities commenced: “And when the musician played, the hand of God was upon him.” <a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="II Kings 3:15" href="https://www.sefaria.org/II_Kings.3.15?lang=he-en&utm_source=myjewishlearning.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(183, 183, 183); box-shadow: none; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; opacity: 1; padding: 2px 9px 0px 5px; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) 0px 1px 0px; text-transform: inherit; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">II Kings 3:15</a></p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">In another story, Saul, who had not yet become king, joined a roving band of prophets and musicians who were playing a harp, drum, and flute to help the prophets enter a state of expanded consciousness. <a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="I Samuel 10:5-6" href="https://www.sefaria.org/I_Samuel.10.5-6?lang=he-en&utm_source=myjewishlearning.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(183, 183, 183); box-shadow: none; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; opacity: 1; padding: 2px 9px 0px 5px; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) 0px 1px 0px; text-transform: inherit; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;" target="_blank">I Samuel 10:5-6</a> These three instruments — harp, drum, and flute — represent the three paradigmatic elements of music: harmony, rhythm, and melody. Joining the parade of musicians, Saul found that this musical-prophetic experience allowed the spirit of God to rest upon him and allowed him to transform into an <em>ish acher</em>, a different person, to find an alternate reality of himself in which he became capable not only of prophesying, but ascending the throne of Israel.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Music, we might assume, must have opened up the prophets’ ears, enabling them to hear the divine voice speaking through them. Music, in this sense, worked like an elite reconnaissance unit sneaking through the prophets’ defensive bulwarks and barriers, or like a sweet-talking lover wooing his beloved. Music paved the way for the bestowal of the great gift of divine love, of the prophecies which we have at least partly retained in the words of the Torah and later poetry and writing.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Is it possible that music also can help us enter different realms and discover alternate realities in which we might pursue better versions of ourselves? Can music open us up to our own inspiration and prayers as it opened up the pathways of the prophets?</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">The 18th-century Hasidic master Nachman of Breslov offers that there might be something left that we can access from this source of prophecy. A sacred musician, he explains, is called a <em>chazzan</em> — a Hebrew word with the same root as the word <em>hazon</em>, meaning “vision,” and which is also the common modern term for a prayer leader. The chazzan, Rebbe Nachman tells us, “snatches the song from the place where prophets suckle.”</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Melodies form a divine ladder that connects the earth with the heavens. In Hebrew, the word <em>sulam</em> means both “ladder” and “musical scale.” Perhaps the most famous story of a path to the heavens is the story of Jacob’s ladder, in which the patriarch dreams of a ladder on which angels are going up and down. Angels, according to the medieval authority Maimonides, had one essential function: singing.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Jacob’s ladder must then have been a kind of musical scale, with melodic angels rising and descending along with the prayers of mankind. When we sing, we hope to allow ourselves to experience a state of elevation, a taste of the heavens, a glimpse of the best versions of ourselves.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">To be a musician then is to be an activist of the spirit. But the music doesn’t do this on its own. It requires us to react to the music, to open up, to change along with it. We must allow the sound of our singing to awaken us, to bring us to positive action, to let song help us to do our work in the world with sensitivity and grace.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;">Ultimately, melodies are just a bunch of notes—whether they’re fundamentally meaningless or transcendent depends entirely upon how we choose to listen, how we choose to direct our intentions, and whether we let ourselves join the song. Singing signals not an escape from life but an imaginative attempt to remind us what is yet possible. Music offers us rung after rung to climb to the heavens, where we hope to discover our best selves, so that we can then emulate that holiness in our regular lives. Let us find our melodies, and let us find our prayers, and let us bring the world to life.</p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;"><em></em></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><em><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtF7NBUNhQ_7vbVkbWeyebpvyzina9fEJvh1F0ppAS4bHINNa93QakYvwNYVULdZXF8xby9u2qyN9X79FstB3lt1GFzvf6sXatC092EKZgzivATQ_h5IV-Ei9i2R8tfAFi-zePlmhxHLoSU9K2nmpZVy47-nHs0qPLvBAAvGVpUPbO0f3tOWSzPkVO63gI/s247/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="204" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtF7NBUNhQ_7vbVkbWeyebpvyzina9fEJvh1F0ppAS4bHINNa93QakYvwNYVULdZXF8xby9u2qyN9X79FstB3lt1GFzvf6sXatC092EKZgzivATQ_h5IV-Ei9i2R8tfAFi-zePlmhxHLoSU9K2nmpZVy47-nHs0qPLvBAAvGVpUPbO0f3tOWSzPkVO63gI/w170-h206/images.jpg" width="170" /></a></em></div><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;"><em><em><br /></em></em></p><em><br />This essay is adapted from “The Torah of Music: Reflections on a Tradition of Singing and Song” by Joey Weisenberg with translations by Joshua Schwartz. </em><p></p><p style="color: #1d2936; font-family: chaparral-pro, serif; font-size: 1.375rem; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1;"><em><a href="http://bit.ly/rising-song-master-classes" style="box-shadow: rgb(63, 198, 243) 0px -0.1em 0px inset; color: #1d2936; opacity: 1; text-decoration-line: none; text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) 0px 1px 0px; transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">Click here to learn more</a>.</em></p>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-18632567561382816892023-08-28T21:35:00.001+01:002023-08-28T21:44:37.075+01:00The Essence of Rosh Hashanah<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmBKi1ZGanZlxSnkOFkQ2CX_EHu89sEWHVuavOmK0mbtcLYLCWel9stcwwlUSdFVi7KKd69HUe1Y-UKdB18XKnM3X0566o1G1XaIuj8bBMxD78dxz57byEfxh4yV1B6s3SbaOokszngTZ0bdCzSF0DtAG8UNbxDO6geKwJMW76fjFLOI7nbNktn34-hgV2/s800/happy-rosh-hashanah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmBKi1ZGanZlxSnkOFkQ2CX_EHu89sEWHVuavOmK0mbtcLYLCWel9stcwwlUSdFVi7KKd69HUe1Y-UKdB18XKnM3X0566o1G1XaIuj8bBMxD78dxz57byEfxh4yV1B6s3SbaOokszngTZ0bdCzSF0DtAG8UNbxDO6geKwJMW76fjFLOI7nbNktn34-hgV2/w515-h289/happy-rosh-hashanah.jpg" width="515" /></a></div><p></p><p><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-size: 30px;"><b>Rosh Ha-Shanah</b> is celebrated from the evening of Fri, 15 Sept 2023 to Sun, 17 Sept 2023</span></p><p style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="color: #a64d79;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" target="_blank">Rosh HaShanah</a></b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span dir="rtl" lang="he">רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה</span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Rōʾš hašŠānā</i></span>, literally "head of the year") is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="New Year">New Year</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Hebrew Bible">biblical</a> name for this holiday is <b>Yom Teruah</b> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span dir="rtl" lang="he">יוֹם תְּרוּעָה</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Yōm Tərūʿā</i></span>, lit. "day of shouting/blasting"). It is the first of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Holy_Days" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span dir="rtl" lang="he">יָמִים נוֹרָאִים</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Yāmīm Nōrāʾīm</i></span>, "Days of Awe"), as specified by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviticus" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Leviticus">Leviticus</a> 23:23–25,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah#cite_note-1" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></sup> that occur in the late summer/early autumn of the Northern Hemisphere. Rosh Hashanah begins a ten-day period of penitence culminating in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, as well as beginning the cycle of autumnal religious festivals running through <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> and ending in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a>.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Rosh Hashanah is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_holidays#Second_day_of_biblical_festivals" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Jewish holidays">two-day</a> observance and celebration that begins on the first day of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishrei" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Tishrei">Tishrei</a>, which is the seventh month of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar#New_year" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Hebrew calendar">ecclesiastical year</a>. In contrast to the ecclesiastical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_New_Year#Middle_East/West_Asia" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Lunar New Year">lunar new year</a> on the first day of the first month <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisan" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Nisan">Nisan</a>, the spring Passover month which marks Israel's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exodus_from_Egypt" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Exodus from Egypt">exodus from Egypt</a>, Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the civil year, according to the teachings of Judaism, and is the traditional anniversary of the creation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>, the first man and woman according to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, as well as the initiation of humanity's role in God's world.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Rosh Hashanah customs include sounding the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shofar" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Shofar">shofar</a> (a hollowed-out ram's horn), as prescribed in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Torah">Torah</a>, following the prescription of the Hebrew Bible to "raise a noise" on <i>Yom Teruah</i>. Its rabbinical customs include attending synagogue services and reciting special <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a> about <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teshuva" style="background: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Teshuva">teshuva</a>, as well as enjoying festive meals. Eating symbolic foods, such as apples dipped in honey, hoping to evoke a sweet new year, is an ancient tradition recorded in the Talmud.</span></p><table align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="yiv4262361244es-content-body" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; color: #1d2228; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; outline: none; width: 650px;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="left" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; word-break: normal;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; outline: none; width: 100%;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="center" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; width: 650px; word-break: normal;" valign="top"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; outline: none; width: 100%;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="left" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px 10px 20px; word-break: normal;"><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">The Hebrew month of Elul, a spiritually super-charged time leading up to Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, has a surprising theme. The word “Elul” is an acronym for the phrase "<i style="outline: none;">Ani l'dodi v'dodi li</i> – I am for my beloved and my beloved is for me" that comes from King Solomon’s <i style="outline: none;">Song of Songs</i> (6:3).</p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"> <br style="outline: none;" />To borrow from Tina Turner’s famous song, what’s love got to do with it? Why does this phrase that articulates the deep longing between two lovers, which is a metaphor for the love between God and the Jewish People, serve as the core focus of preparing for Rosh Hashanah? <br style="outline: none;" /> </p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"><b style="outline: none;">What’s the Essence of Rosh Hashanah?<br style="outline: none;" /> </b></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Rosh Hashanah transports you back to the very beginning of time when God, as CEO of the universe, was setting budgets and job descriptions for all of humanity. As a mutli-gazzilionaire, there is no limit to what this CEO can allocate. The only limit is His employees’ understanding of the company’s vision and the extent of their responsibility to implement the CEO’s bottom line. <br style="outline: none;" /> </p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">On <strong style="outline: none;"><a href="https://aishglobal.lt.emlnk1.com/Prod/link-tracker?redirectUrl=aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZhaXNoLmNvbSUyRnJvc2gtaGFzaGFuYWgtaXRzLW5vdC1hYm91dC13aG9zLWJlZW4tbmF1Z2h0eS1vci1uaWNlJTJGJTNGc3JjJTNEYWM%3D&a=%7C%7C90514724%7C%7C&account=aishglobal.activehosted.com&email=6ogqC3MEk268EFfIV8J2LfpfahFnjA3wgVpTOLfGBZK4TQk%3D%3AqbbhQoEz6RvFh8z8gD%2FvPE6L2LCMwF4x&s=356ab670153b84e42db6f9d4aa4027b2&i=4495A13444A1A148394&sig=7nAHE4PjrCu2Q2TxBFLJkU8UppNNLLRkFRhUg7JthyFJ&iat=1692963941" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: #00cea9; outline: none;" target="_blank">Rosh Hashanah, you stand before God as CEO</a></strong> of the universe, making your case for the upcoming year. The previous year is over; your past performance is not relevant. Every person is starting a new chapter and everything is up for grabs. Now is the time to get clarity, articulate your dreams, and genuinely commit to make them happen.</p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">The month of <strong style="outline: none;"><a href="https://aishglobal.lt.emlnk1.com/Prod/link-tracker?redirectUrl=aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZhaXNoLmNvbSUyRjUtd2F5cy10by1qdW1wc3RhcnQteW91ci1zcGlyaXR1YWwtZ3Jvd3RoJTJGJTNGc3JjJTNEYWM%3D&a=%7C%7C90514724%7C%7C&account=aishglobal.activehosted.com&email=6ogqC3MEk268EFfIV8J2LfpfahFnjA3wgVpTOLfGBZK4TQk%3D%3AqbbhQoEz6RvFh8z8gD%2FvPE6L2LCMwF4x&s=356ab670153b84e42db6f9d4aa4027b2&i=4495A13444A1A148366&sig=7L4VkJam8vnEQBEt8WTqjYvrQHn5AFmGaTPwrgZSAPKo&iat=1692963941" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="color: #00cea9; outline: none;" target="_blank">Elul</a> </strong>is the crucial time period to recalibrate your goals and get ready to make your presentation to the Boss Himself. <br style="outline: none;" /><br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"><b style="outline: none;">Two Obstacles<br style="outline: none;" /> </b><br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">But embracing this challenge requires overcoming two sizable obstacles that you likely find yourself slamming into: apathy and discouragement.</p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"> <br style="outline: none;" />If you don’t care about furthering God’s bottom line, why bother with all this introspection and chest-beating? You’re perfectly content to stay where you are, putting in your minimal effort to live a decent life and spending the rest of your time on social media and binge-watching, and whatever fix you need to comfortably pass away the time. Apathy stops all growth in its tracks.</p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"> <br style="outline: none;" />And if you <i style="outline: none;">do</i> want to work on personal growth and take preparing for Rosh Hashanah seriously, there’s that voice that whispers in your ear: “Who are you kidding? How many times have you gone down this road, and look where you are? In the exact same spot, with the exact same issues. People don’t change. Admit it, you’re a failure and there is no reason to think this year will be any different.”<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Discouragement saps your energy and cynically undermines your ability to change.</p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">The phrase “I am for my beloved and my beloved is for me" that typifies the essence of Elul is the life preserver you need to extract you from your debilitating apathy and discouragement. <br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">How so?<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"><b style="outline: none;">Love is the Pillar<br style="outline: none;" /> </b><br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Stephen Covey, the author of <i style="outline: none;">7 Habits of Highly Effective People</i>, popularized the expression, “Love is a verb.” One of the Judaism’s commandments is “to love your neighbor” which most commentaries define as expressing love through action. It’s tricky to mandate an emotion; commanding action is far more doable.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Marriage is the commitment to shower your spouse with acts of love, no matter what mood you’re in and whether or not you’re feeling the love. Regardless of your feeling, love her – meaning put your love into action. Show affection, give compliments, go out on a date, be curious and listen, and most importantly care about the things your spouse cares about. As Rabbi Noach Orlowek, a well-known educator in Jerusalem, often says, “What’s important to you is important to me.”<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Putting your love into action fosters feelings of love. What starts as a verb becomes an object. And the distance you may have been feeling between you and your spouse dissipates as the intimacy is restored.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Now apply this with God. It’s okay if you’re not feeling the love. Love is a verb; just do it. Don’t wait for the sudden inspiration. Take a few quiet moments and ask yourself: what are the things that are important to God that I can work on making important to me? Give yourself some time to answer; you may be surprised to hear what your inner self says when you access it with honesty and vulnerability.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Then select one or two things that speak most to you and start implementing them, slowly but surely. These first steps loosen the shackles of apathy and help close the spiritual distance you may be feeling with God. But you need to make the first move, not God. That’s why the phrase begins, “I am for my beloved” – it’s starts with you taking the first step.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"><b style="outline: none;">The Ultimate Cheerleader <br style="outline: none;" /> </b><br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Love flows both ways. Once you take that first step in drawing closer to God, your efforts will be met with God’s welcoming embrace. God’s love is a constant. Even the smallest step forward impacts the tenor of the relationship.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">God reciprocates, as expressed in the second part of the phrase, “and my Beloved is for me.” This is essential to overcoming discouragement.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">While you may have moments where you feel like throwing in the towel and give up on yourself, God sees what you’re really made of. As your Creator Who invested in you immeasurable potential for greatness that only you can achieve through your unique mission in life, God is rooting for you and wants you to succeed. Feel that love and allow it to empower you to take the next step forward in your journey.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Preparing for Rosh Hashanah should not be a heavy downer. It’s an auspicious, exciting time for clarity and closeness, grounded in positivity and love.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">That’s why the essence of Elul is expressed through the phrase "I am for my beloved and my beloved is for me", underscoring the love that exemplifies this period.<br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;">Turns out that love has everything to do with it. Initiating small steps to strengthen your relationship with God will shake off your apathy and arouse a greater feeling of love and closeness. And this, in turn, will be reciprocated by God’s constant love, giving you the encouragement and confidence to plow forward, step by step, in fulfilling your life’s journey. <br style="outline: none;" /> <br style="outline: none;" /></p><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"><i style="outline: none;">Shabbat shalom, and feel free send me questions and comments.</i><br style="outline: none;" /></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="left" class="yiv4262361244esdev-adapt-off" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px 10px; word-break: normal;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="yiv4262361244esdev-mso-table" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; outline: none; width: 630px;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td class="yiv4262361244esdev-mso-td" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; word-break: normal;" valign="top"><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="yiv4262361244es-left" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; float: left; outline: none;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="center" class="yiv4262361244es-m-p0r" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; width: 100px; word-break: normal;" valign="top"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; outline: none; width: 100%;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="center" style="font-size: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; word-break: normal;"><img alt="" src="https://ecp.yusercontent.com/mail?url=https%3A%2F%2Fac-landing-pages-user-uploads-production.s3.amazonaws.com%2F0000065130%2F991859ad-dffc-4666-8283-855e07c78e7c.png&t=1693252559&ymreqid=e5b16950-8b9f-1d39-1c9a-4f0001019600&sig=CcW605xAU1BLjqAGAZJ2Yw--~D" style="display: block; outline: none; text-indent: -9999px;" width="100" /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td class="yiv4262361244esdev-mso-td" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; word-break: normal;" valign="top"><table align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="yiv4262361244es-right" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; float: right; outline: none;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="left" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; width: 530px; word-break: normal;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; outline: none; width: 100%;"><tbody style="outline: none;"><tr style="border-collapse: collapse; outline: none;"><td align="left" style="margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px 10px 0px; word-break: normal;"><p style="color: #333333; font-family: roboto, "helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: none;"><b>Rabbi Nechemia Coopersmith</b><br style="outline: none;" /><b><i>Editor in Chief, <a href="https://aish.com/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: #ffd966; color: #333333; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Aish.com</a></i></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-15241819141451410142023-08-27T21:53:00.001+01:002023-08-27T22:01:12.252+01:00MORE LOVE FROM DR. SAXLOVE...<p> Two weeks ago I posted a comment on Dr.SaxLove's piece <b style="font-style: italic;">"Smooth Motown Jazz" </b>on YouTube, thanking him for his great compilations. Here it is:<br /><span face="Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffd966; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>If ya ain't got it in ya, ya can't blow it out" said Louis, and Mark's got it! Thanks, man.</b></span></p>...And here is the piece:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="333" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Umdj9MXLym8" width="401" youtube-src-id="Umdj9MXLym8"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">Love it!</span></i></b></div><div><br /></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Reach out to Mark at <a class="yt-core-attributed-string__link yt-core-attributed-string__link--display-type yt-core-attributed-string__link--call-to-action-color" force-new-state="true" href="https://drsaxlove.com/contact" rel="nofollow" style="display: inline; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-decoration-line: none; white-space: pre-wrap;" tabindex="0" target="_blank"><b style="background-color: #ffd966;">https://drsaxlove.com/contact</b></a></li></ul></div><div>...Now the next one would be this:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="346" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/c8YIlU_30Kk" width="416" youtube-src-id="c8YIlU_30Kk"></iframe></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-flexy" id="player" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-flexy" id="player-container-outer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: var(--ytd-watch-flexy-max-player-width); min-width: var(--ytd-watch-flexy-min-player-width); padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-flexy" id="player-container-inner" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: calc(var(--ytd-watch-flexy-height-ratio)/var(--ytd-watch-flexy-width-ratio) * 100%); position: relative;"><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-flexy" id="player-container" role="complementary" style="background: transparent; 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border: 0px; bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; cursor: default; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0.33s; z-index: 30;"><button class="branding-img-container ytp-button" style="border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; line-height: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit;"><img aria-label="Channel watermark" class="branding-img iv-click-target" height="40" src="https://i.ytimg.com/an/NJFXYXkXt_P8bJUxb21MpA/featured_channel.jpg?v=60f616d3" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.7; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: 0px;" width="40" /></button><div class="branding-context-container-outer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; float: left; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; position: absolute; right: 40px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-iv-video-content" data-layer="4" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; height: 360px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 640px;"><div class="video-annotations" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 640px; z-index: 20;"><div class="video-custom-annotations" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Dr. SaxLove, channel" class="ytp-ce-element ytp-ce-channel ytp-ce-channel-this ytp-ce-medium-round ytp-ce-top-right-quad ytp-ce-size-640" data-layer="4" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto; background: transparent; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 0px 4px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; height: 99px; left: 500px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: -1px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 126px; transition: visibility 0s linear 0.2s, opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s, border-color 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; visibility: hidden; width: 99px; z-index: 12;" tabindex="0"><div class="ytp-ce-element-shadow" style="background: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; inset: -1px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; z-index: 12;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-overlay" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px 99px 0px 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition: visibility 0s linear 0.2s, opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s, border-color 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; visibility: hidden;"><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-overlay-hider" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-overlay-background" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 8px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 4px; height: 99px; left: 0px; margin: -8px; padding: 8px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 259px;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-overlay-content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: table; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-overlay-body" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: table-cell; height: 99px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle;"><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-overlay-body-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 16px 0px 8px; min-width: 136px; padding: 0px;"><a class="ytp-ce-channel-title ytp-ce-link" dir="ltr" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNJFXYXkXt_P8bJUxb21MpA" style="color: #167ac6; display: block; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; outline: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 136px;" tabindex="-1" target="_blank"></a><div class="ytp-ce-subscribe-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="ytp-ce-channel-subscribe ytp-ce-subscribe-button" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #767676; display: inline-block; height: auto; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transform-origin: left top; transform: scale(1);"><div aria-live="polite" class="ytp-button ytp-sb ytp-sb-subscribed" style="background: transparent; border: none; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; float: none; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit;"><div aria-label="Unsubscribe from channel" class="ytp-sb-unsubscribe" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); border-radius: 18px; border: none; color: white; direction: ltr; display: flex; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.007px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 16px; user-select: none; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="ytp-sb-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="ytp-sb-icon" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ytp-ce-expanding-image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: initial; background-size: cover; background: url("https://yt3.ggpht.com/AhgGhww-nSkzcGg_upMHalc97ths0H04z-q_hATjHQPdg40W455l3SlNBuw9Z4JCdOXRxF70Fw=s400-c-k-c0x00ffffff-no-rj") center center / cover transparent; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; height: 99px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 99px;"></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="93 videos, Smooth Jazz" class="ytp-ce-element ytp-ce-playlist ytp-ce-medium-round ytp-ce-top-left-quad ytp-ce-size-640" data-layer="4" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto; background: transparent; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 0px 4px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; height: 116px; left: 42px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: -1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 117px; transition: visibility 0s linear 0.2s, opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s, border-color 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; visibility: hidden; width: 207px; z-index: 12;" tabindex="0"><div class="ytp-ce-element-shadow" style="background: rgb(0, 0, 0); border: 0px; inset: -1px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; z-index: 12;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-covering-image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/BiBdjkFyqj0/maxresdefault.webp"); background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: initial; background-size: cover; border: 0px; inset: -1px -1px -2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-covering-shadow-top" style="background: linear-gradient(rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px, transparent 100%) transparent; border: 0px; height: 38.275px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.8; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 207px;"></div><a class="ytp-ce-covering-overlay" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BiBdjkFyqj0&list=PLHNLKeG6BVcoOcMi9umptMHQrCXCZffi_" style="height: 116px; outline: 0px; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 207px; z-index: 12;" tabindex="-1"><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-title ytp-webkit-ellipsis" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: white; display: -webkit-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; margin: 6px 8px; max-height: 30px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-count" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-icon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 18px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASBAMAAACk4JNkAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3CculE8AAAAIVBMVEVMaXGzs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7P///91E4wTAAAACXRSTlMArBbpVOtYrReN+x2FAAAAAWJLR0QKaND0VgAAACFJREFUCNdjYCAWzIQAFBaZ6hgVYLKcJnBWGEyWvYGASwCXtBf7m4i3CQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==") center center / 18px no-repeat; border: 0px; height: 18px; left: 8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 2px; width: 18px;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-count-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); height: 24px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></a></div><div aria-hidden="true" aria-label="28 videos, Classic Jazz" class="ytp-ce-element ytp-ce-playlist ytp-ce-medium-round ytp-ce-top-right-quad ytp-ce-size-640" data-layer="4" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: auto; background: transparent; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 0px 4px; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; height: 116px; left: 257px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: -1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 117px; transition: visibility 0s linear 0.2s, opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s, border-color 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; visibility: hidden; width: 207px; z-index: 12;" tabindex="0"><div class="ytp-ce-element-shadow" style="background: rgb(0, 0, 0); border: 0px; inset: -1px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; z-index: 12;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-covering-image" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url("https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/m3btisVZHNQ/maxresdefault.webp"); background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: initial; background-size: cover; border: 0px; inset: -1px -1px -2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-covering-shadow-top" style="background: linear-gradient(rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px, transparent 100%) transparent; border: 0px; height: 38.275px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.8; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 207px;"></div><a class="ytp-ce-covering-overlay" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3btisVZHNQ&list=PLHNLKeG6BVcreCaFCP64Zk2xTfbMycE8x" style="height: 116px; outline: 0px; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 207px; z-index: 12;" tabindex="-1"><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-title ytp-webkit-ellipsis" dir="ltr" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: white; display: -webkit-box; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; margin: 6px 8px; max-height: 30px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 1px 0px;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-count" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-icon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 18px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAASBAMAAACk4JNkAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3CculE8AAAAIVBMVEVMaXGzs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7Ozs7P///91E4wTAAAACXRSTlMArBbpVOtYrReN+x2FAAAAAWJLR0QKaND0VgAAACFJREFUCNdjYCAWzIQAFBaZ6hgVYLKcJnBWGEyWvYGASwCXtBf7m4i3CQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==") center center / 18px no-repeat; border: 0px; height: 18px; left: 8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 2px; width: 18px;"></div><div class="ytp-ce-playlist-count-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); height: 24px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></a></div><div class="ytp-chrome-bottom" data-layer="9" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; direction: ltr; height: 48px; left: 12px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 3px 0px 0px; position: absolute; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0px 0px 2px; transition: opacity 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; width: 616px; z-index: 59;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 47px; cursor: pointer; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 616px;"><div aria-label="Seek slider" aria-valuemax="14594" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="441" aria-valuetext="Groovin' (On A Sunday Afternoon) 7 Minutes 21 Seconds of 4 Hours 3 Minutes 14 Seconds" class="ytp-progress-bar" draggable="true" role="slider" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; touch-action: none; width: 616px; z-index: 31;" tabindex="0"><div class="ytp-chapters-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 616px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-effect ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 12px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(1); width: 12px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 12px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(1); width: 12px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 5.51589px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 12px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 11px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 11px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0.54874); width: 11px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 11px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(1); width: 11px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 6.03614px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(-0.126796); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 11px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 16px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 16px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 16px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 16px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0.000513046); width: 16px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 16px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 12px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 12px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 12px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 12px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 12px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 12px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 12px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 12px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 12px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 8px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 8px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 8px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 8px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 8px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 8px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 12px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 12px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 12px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 12px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 12px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 12px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 12px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 12px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px 2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 14px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 14px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 14px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 14px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 14px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 14px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div><div class="ytp-chapter-hover-container ytp-exp-chapter-hover-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; float: left; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 475px; z-index: 32;"><div class="ytp-progress-bar-padding" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 475px; z-index: 28;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-list" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); border: 0px; height: 5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transform: scaleY(0.6); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; z-index: 39;"><div class="ytp-play-progress ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 475px; z-index: 34;"></div><div class="ytp-progress-linear-live-buffer" style="background: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; width: 475px; z-index: 45;"></div><div class="ytp-load-progress" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); width: 475px; z-index: 33;"></div><div class="ytp-hover-progress" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleX(0); transition: opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) 0s; width: 475px; z-index: 35;"></div><div class="ytp-ad-progress-list" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div></div></div><div class="ytp-timed-markers-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 5px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 1px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; transform: scaleY(0.6); width: 616px; z-index: 40;"></div><div class="ytp-scrubber-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; left: -6.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -4px; transform: translateX(20.0361px); z-index: 43;"><div class="ytp-scrubber-button ytp-swatch-background-color" style="background: rgb(255, 0, 0); border-radius: 6.5px; border: 0px; height: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transform: scale(0); transition: transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, -webkit-transform 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; width: 13px;"><div class="ytp-scrubber-pull-indicator" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 16.9px; left: 6.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform: rotate(45deg); z-index: 42;"></div></div></div></div><div class="ytp-fine-scrubbing-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; transform: translateY(0px); width: 616px;"></div></div><div class="ytp-chrome-controls" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; direction: ltr; display: flex; font-size: 11.99px; height: 48px; line-height: 48px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="ytp-left-controls" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex: 1 1 0%; float: left; height: 48px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><button aria-keyshortcuts="k" aria-label="Pause keyboard shortcut k" class="ytp-play-button ytp-button" data-title-no-tooltip="Pause" style="-webkit-box-flex: 0; border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11.99px; height: 48px; line-height: inherit; opacity: 0.9; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 2px; text-align: inherit; transition: opacity 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; width: 46px;" title="Pause (k)"><svg height="100%" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36 36" width="100%"><use class="ytp-svg-shadow" xlink:href="#ytp-id-434"></use><path class="ytp-svg-fill" d="M 12,26 16,26 16,10 12,10 z M 21,26 25,26 25,10 21,10 z" id="ytp-id-434"></path></svg></button><a aria-disabled="false" aria-keyshortcuts="SHIFT+n" aria-label="Next (SHIFT+n)" class="ytp-next-button ytp-button" data-duration="1:49:20" data-preview="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Vhmeye7VDas/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNACELwBSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLAOOziSgRJc5OMzhwS0AgJrHP00sA" data-title-no-tooltip="Next" data-tooltip-text="Modern Jazz Bar 🍸 Calm Background Music - Smooth Elegant Jazz Music in Cozy Bar Ambience for Relax" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vhmeye7VDas" role="button" style="-webkit-box-flex: 0; background-color: transparent; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: inherit; height: 48px; line-height: inherit; opacity: 0.9; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: opacity 0.1s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; width: 48px;" title="Next (SHIFT+n)"><svg height="100%" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36 36" width="100%"><use class="ytp-svg-shadow" xlink:href="#ytp-id-13"></use><path class="ytp-svg-fill" d="M 12,24 20.5,18 12,12 V 24 z M 22,12 v 12 h 2 V 12 h -2 z" id="ytp-id-13"></path></svg></a><span class="ytp-volume-area" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><button aria-keyshortcuts="m" class="ytp-mute-button ytp-button" data-title-no-tooltip="Mute" style="border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11.99px; height: 48px; line-height: inherit; opacity: 0.9; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; 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border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 48px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: margin 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s, width 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1) 0s; width: 0px;" tabindex="0" title="Volume"><div class="ytp-volume-slider" draggable="true" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; height: 48px; margin: 0px; min-height: 36px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; touch-action: none;"><div class="ytp-volume-slider-handle" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 6px; border: 0px; height: 12px; left: 24px; margin: -6px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 24px; width: 12px;"></div></div></div></span><div class="ytp-time-display notranslate" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 13.0691px; line-height: 47px; 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display: block; margin-bottom: var(--ytd-margin-6x); margin-top: var(--ytd-margin-3x);" video-id="c8YIlU_30Kk"><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="above-the-fold" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><yt-img-shadow class="style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer no-transition" id="avatar" loaded="" style="border-radius: 50%; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex: 0 0 auto; font-size: 10px; height: 40px; margin-right: 12px; opacity: 1; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; transition: none 0s ease 0s; width: 40px;" width="40"><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-video-owner-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@DrSaxLove" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><img alt="" class="style-scope yt-img-shadow" draggable="false" id="img" src="https://yt3.ggpht.com/AhgGhww-nSkzcGg_upMHalc97ths0H04z-q_hATjHQPdg40W455l3SlNBuw9Z4JCdOXRxF70Fw=s88-c-k-c0x00ffffff-no-nd-rj" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: var(--yt-img-border-radius,none); border: 0px; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: var(--yt-img-margin-left,auto); margin-right: var(--yt-img-margin-right,auto); margin-top: 0px; max-height: var(--yt-img-max-height,none); max-width: var(--yt-img-max-width,100%); padding: 0px;" width="40" /></a></yt-img-shadow><span style="font-size: large;"><span color="var(--yt-spec-text-primary)" face=""YouTube Sans", Roboto, sans-serif">Feel Good Jazz: Uplifting & Relaxing Jazz Music for Work, Study, Play - </span><i style="background-color: #ffd966; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); font-family: "YouTube Sans", Roboto, sans-serif;">Saxofon</i></span></div><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="top-row" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-size: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: -4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="item style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="owner" style="align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 12px 12px 0px 0px; min-width: calc(50% - 6px); padding: 0px;"><ytd-video-owner-renderer class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; min-width: 0px;" watch-metadata-refresh=""><br /></ytd-video-owner-renderer></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="bottom-row" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px -12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="item style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="description" style="--ytd-text-inline-expander-button-color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); background: var(--yt-spec-badge-chip-background); border-radius: 12px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 2rem; margin: 12px 12px 0px 0px; min-width: min(450px, 100%); padding: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="description-inner" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 12px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-text-inline-expander always-show-expand-button="" class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" id="description-inline-expander" is-expanded="" style="color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); contain: content; display: block; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 2rem; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><yt-attributed-string class="style-scope ytd-text-inline-expander"><span class="yt-core-attributed-string yt-core-attributed-string--white-space-pre-wrap" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #131313; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">All this jazz music is played by Dr. SaxLove!
Subscribe -> </span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #131313; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--highlight-text-decorator" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border-radius: 8px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px;"><a class="yt-core-attributed-string__link yt-core-attributed-string__link--display-type yt-core-attributed-string__link--call-to-action-color" force-new-state="true" href="https://youtube.com/drsaxlove" rel="nofollow" style="align-items: center; display: inline-flex; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="0" target=""> <span class="yt-core-attributed-string--inline-flex-mod" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><img alt="" class="yt-core-attributed-string__image-element yt-core-attributed-string__image-element--image-alignment-vertical-center yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-to-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://www.gstatic.com/youtube/img/watch/yt_favicon.png" style="align-self: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 10px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: fill; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 14px;" /></span> / drsaxlove </a></span></span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #131313; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Download the music on this video:
</span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #065fd4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="yt-core-attributed-string__link yt-core-attributed-string__link--display-type yt-core-attributed-string__link--call-to-action-color" force-new-state="true" href="https://drsaxlove.com/feel-good-jazz" rel="" style="display: inline; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://drsaxlove.com/feel-good-jazz</a></span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #131313; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Download the backing tracks to this saxophone music album:
</span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #065fd4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="yt-core-attributed-string__link yt-core-attributed-string__link--display-type yt-core-attributed-string__link--call-to-action-color" force-new-state="true" href="https://backingtracks.pro" rel="" style="display: inline; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://backingtracks.pro</a></span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #131313; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Find Dr. SaxLove on Spotify:
</span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #065fd4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="yt-core-attributed-string__link yt-core-attributed-string__link--display-type yt-core-attributed-string__link--call-to-action-color" force-new-state="true" href="http://bit.ly/2tlgCWe" rel="" style="display: inline; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">http://bit.ly/2tlgCWe</a></span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #131313; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
This is the music of saxophonist Mark Maxwell, aka Dr. SaxLove:
</span><span class="yt-core-attributed-string--link-inherit-color" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #065fd4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="yt-core-attributed-string__link yt-core-attributed-string__link--display-type yt-core-attributed-string__link--call-to-action-color" force-new-state="true" href="https://drsaxlove.com" rel="" style="display: inline; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://drsaxlove.com</a></span></span></yt-attributed-string></ytd-text-inline-expander></div></div></div></div></ytd-watch-metadata></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;"><i>Enjoy!</i></span></b></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-73466054804647675862023-08-21T20:19:00.009+01:002023-08-23T20:57:24.171+01:00Dr. SaxLove's Love for Jazz<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I've become addicted to Mark Maxwell's saxophone and his jazz renditions. Great stuff!</div><p></p><p>The following is one of my preferred compilations by Mark:<br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="372" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8G69brGIuYU" width="447" youtube-src-id="8G69brGIuYU"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">The piece entitled "ANNIE" is simply magnificent!</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><ul><li style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><b><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">Here's ANNIE recorded solo: </span></i></b><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><i><a href="https://drsaxlove.com/track/1183948/annie" target="_blank">Dr. SaxLove plays ANNIE</a></i></b></span></span></span></li></ul></div><p>...And right now I'm listening to this other YouTube anthology:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="368" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y_pedYe52kI" width="443" youtube-src-id="y_pedYe52kI"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: #cc0000;">Beautiful!</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQKqRMUSEbc263TMlXDJRDsLGZ1gNqE9Lm_0AW9_ZNu6_oTvrKVgbuTXETn7O2KfeVpQ6VcvZcAEft5AZPGSnn1RrjyCCpyuUteiy-XIeWno03fnAHt6DAPDkr3_e28F1a6I6UshfmAVNns0-_6UEnyhn5zi1YEfMGxsBWXSWKw4I-rjZAArH6y9jsQY1z/s88/channels4_profile.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="88" data-original-width="88" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQKqRMUSEbc263TMlXDJRDsLGZ1gNqE9Lm_0AW9_ZNu6_oTvrKVgbuTXETn7O2KfeVpQ6VcvZcAEft5AZPGSnn1RrjyCCpyuUteiy-XIeWno03fnAHt6DAPDkr3_e28F1a6I6UshfmAVNns0-_6UEnyhn5zi1YEfMGxsBWXSWKw4I-rjZAArH6y9jsQY1z/w67-h67/channels4_profile.jpg" width="67" /></a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><b><i><span>Dr.SaxLove's website:</span><span style="color: #cc0000;"> </span></i></b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><i><a href="https://drsaxlove.com/" target="_blank">https://drsaxlove.com/</a></i></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="background-color: white;">Just as an afterthought, here's the original <i><b>ANNIE </b></i>by John Denver:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="356" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RNOTF-znQyw" width="428" youtube-src-id="RNOTF-znQyw"></iframe></div><br /><b><br /></b></span></span></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-35639325061394856942023-07-07T22:18:00.000+01:002023-07-07T22:18:46.944+01:00The Jewish History of Rome<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">by</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><a href="https://aish.com/authors/495138411" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; text-decoration-line: none;">Rabbi Menachem Levine</a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw8axBjHdXMCS2HtWevtmVVphmR_Hixo2nf5O7bn4rE32xAhe8I_SbZ1w4ztwkcO-WJ7YzLfSJMG1zyxDBFVqfnTn0jBL5gfRuiOeDP9lSN9JERkgZNYZVIfDTzJUcPyl0ZpPo72l4zwVdPmZbQqlnZs-f_8PXfb2DKqSe1zL0mlNtB56zr0mO4g8ZSuv3/s1240/The-Jewish-History-of-Rome-1240_x_698.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="1240" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw8axBjHdXMCS2HtWevtmVVphmR_Hixo2nf5O7bn4rE32xAhe8I_SbZ1w4ztwkcO-WJ7YzLfSJMG1zyxDBFVqfnTn0jBL5gfRuiOeDP9lSN9JERkgZNYZVIfDTzJUcPyl0ZpPo72l4zwVdPmZbQqlnZs-f_8PXfb2DKqSe1zL0mlNtB56zr0mO4g8ZSuv3/w499-h281/The-Jewish-History-of-Rome-1240_x_698.jpg" width="499" /></a></div><br /><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">A comprehensive historical overview of Europe's oldest <br />Jewish community, from 161 BCE to today.</span></b><span style="background-color: white; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 25px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;"> </span></p><div class="ct-div-block" id="div_block-33-160860" style="align-items: flex-start; border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(48, 48, 48); box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-flow: column nowrap; gap: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 50px; width: 607px;"><div class="ct-code-block" id="code_block-38-160860" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 607px;"><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div><blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Rome is Europe’s oldest Jewish community; Jews have lived for over 2,000 years, often suffering terrible oppression and decrees. It is mentioned dozens of times in the Talmud and Midrash, ancient commentaries on Jewish texts.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Jewish community in Rome can be traced at least to 161 B.C.E. when Jason ben Eleazar and Eupolemus ben Yochanan came as emissaries of the Maccabees to join an alliance against the Seleucid Greeks. This was only four years after the Hanukkah story took place. The Romans eagerly agreed to the alliance because of their ambition to overpower the Greek empire and capture its lands for Rome. Some Jewish community leaders moved to Rome to continue this alliance and founded the Jewish community there. The Talmud also records a number of times that Jewish community leaders and scholars traveled to Rome and appealed to the Emperors on behalf of the community in the Land of Israel.</span></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Treated with Respect</span></b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Overall, the early Roman Emperors treated the Jews in Rome with tolerance. Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.) accorded privileges to the Roman Jews and allowed them to own property and administer their community affairs. He exempted them from military service due to their requirement to observe the Jewish dietary laws and the Sabbath. After his assassination, it is recorded that Jews mourned with much weeping.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE) also treated the Jews with respect. In addition to their continued rights, he approved collecting an annual tax from Roman Jews for the Temple in Jerusalem. He even arranged, with his wife Empress Livia, to send ongoing gifts of a bull and two lambs to be given as burnt offerings in the Temple.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><br />Antisemitism did appear during this period, often in response to the Romans' concerns that the Jews were trying to encourage conversion to Judaism, which was severely punished. As Jews do not proselytize, it is possible that this resentment was directed at the Early Christians, who did promote conversion among the Romans and who, at the time, were still viewed as Jews.<br /><br />In response to this concern, twice during this period, in 19 C.E. and 49-50 C.E., Jews were exiled from Rome. Jewish religious observances became targets for criticism during the first and early second centuries C.E. by such well-known literary figures as Pliny the Elder, Seneca, and Tacitus. In defending someone accused of swindling Jews, the famous orator and lawyer Cicero complained that too many Jews were present in the courtroom.</blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b></div></div><blockquote><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Jewish Slaves</span></b></div></div><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><div class="single_post_container_content" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; position: relative; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;">During the Roman-Jewish wars before and after the Second Temple's destruction, tens of thousands of Jewish prisoners from the Land of Israel were brought to Rome as slaves. Many Jewish prisoners became the construction workers/slaves who built the Flavian Amphitheater, more popularly known as <a href="https://aish.com/the-colosseums-jewish-connection/">the Colosseum</a>. The building of the Colosseum was funded by the money Rome gained in their destruction of the Second Temple. It is a painful irony in that it was built with funds intended for the Temple - a place of peace - and was instead used for a place of murder. In the coming years, thousands (including many Jews) would die in the Colosseum as “entertainment” for the Roman population.<br /></div><div class="single_post_container_content" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; position: relative; text-align: justify; word-break: break-word;"><br /></div><div class="single_post_container_content" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; position: relative; word-break: break-word;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Jews that survived or were ransomed became part of the growing Jewish community. It is documented that there were four distinguished families among the Jews brought by Titus after the destruction of the Second Temple. They were renowned in Rome as the delMansi, dePommes, delVecchio, and deRossi families. Many prominent Italian Jewish leaders and scholars traced their lineage to these families.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Notably, the wars between Rome and the Jews in the Land of Israel did not affect how the Romans viewed the Jews in Rome, in general. It is also unclear if the antisemitic decrees in the Land of Israel (e.g., under Hadrian) and the Eastern Provinces applied to the Jews of Rome.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Roman Jewish community was firmly established and influential by the second half of the first century C.E. Although many synagogues are mentioned in writings of the time, none of those synagogues have been preserved.</div></div></div></blockquote><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="single_post_container_content" style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; position: relative; word-break: break-word;"><div style="text-align: justify;"></div></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><blockquote>Rise of Christianity, Rise of Antisemitism</blockquote></span></b><div style="text-align: justify;"></div></div><blockquote><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;">With the rise of Christianity, the situation for Jews in Rome began to deteriorate rapidly and anti-Jewish legislation became common. From the end of the sixth century and on, the Popes were the rulers of Rome, and the situation of the Jews and the entire area depended on which Pope was the ruler and how he felt about the Jews.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In studying Roman history, it is astonishing to learn about the antisemitic laws instituted - and often innovated - in Rome. These “innovations” would be imitated by antisemites for centuries to come. For example, in Rome, a law was issued stating Jews needed to wear distinct attire, often a yellow badge or <a href="https://aish.com/jews-of-venices-ghetto/">outlandish yellow hat</a>. It was in Rome that Jews were limited to where they could reside - namely, a ghetto - which did not have adequate space for the number of people who lived there.</div></div><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Jews were also persecuted with additional taxes, limits on the professions they could work in, forced to participate in degrading parades, and required to pay homage to a newly appointed Pope in a ceremony that was often humiliating to the Jewish leaders. They were limited in building new synagogues, even if the community’s needs warranted it.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Jews were also persecuted in their treatment of the dead and forbidden to write any identification on tombstones or recite psalms during a funeral. As part of their desire to convert the community, the Jews were also forced to listen to weekly sermons preaching Christianity at some of the many churches surrounding the ghetto. How and when each of these decrees applied varied. Many of these antisemitic decrees were particularly severe during the Reformation, as we will discuss.</div></div></blockquote><blockquote><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Notable Events for the Jews from Constantine until the Renaissance</span></b></div></div></blockquote><p></p><blockquote> <span style="background-color: white; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;">The timeline below describes notable events for the Jews in Rome from Constantine until the Renaissance and illustrates the severe challenges that the Jews of Rome faced. (Note: The dates shown for rulers refer to the dates they were in power.)</span></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify;"></span><p></p></div><div class="ct-code-block" id="code_block-38-160860" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 607px;"><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"></span></div><div class="single_post_container" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Constantine the Great (306-336) converted to Christianity in 312. He issued decrees that made Jews and pagans second-class citizens. He forbade marriage between Jews and Christians and made the violation of this order punishable with death. In his edicts, the Jews are for the first time referred to as "shameful" and "contemptible and perverse."</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Jews of Rome received a brief respite when Julian the Apostate became emperor (361-363). One of his first acts was to abolish the <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Fiscus Judaicus,</i> the Jewish tax that had existed for 300 years, and under his rule, Jews were not persecuted.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">His successor, Valentinian (364-375), freed the synagogues from the obligation of quartering soldiers.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">In 387-388, synagogues in Rome were destroyed by Christian mobs.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Gregory I (590-604) forbade enacting persecuting laws and opposed forced baptism. In a letter, he wrote that “just as the Jews in their communities may not be allowed any liberties beyond the measure allotted them by law, so must they, on the other hand, suffer no violation of their rights."</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Louis II (855-75) proclaimed in 855 that all Italian Jews had to leave the country before October 1. This order, however, was not carried into effect.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) was favorable to the Jews - when he needed money. Benjamin of Tudela describes how contented the Jews were under him and that he protected them. Yet, at the Third Lateran Council in 1179, Pope Alexander III strongly denounced the employment of Christians by Jews and decreed severe sentences for nurses who entered the service of Jews.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) humiliated a visiting Jewish delegation that was sent to congratulate him on his ascendancy.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Boniface IX (1389-1404) favored a succession of Jewish physicians and recognized the rights of Jews as citizens.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Eugene IV (1431-47) passed anti-Jewish legislation in the Council of Constance.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), at the Fourth Lateran Council, in 1215, decreed that Jews and Muslims must wear identifying badges, were forbidden to hold public offices, and must forgive the interest on the loans given to the Crusaders.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) tore down the new synagogues in Rome.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Gregory X (1271-1276)) confirmed the bull granting protection to the Jews and added a clause that Christians should not be allowed to testify in Jewish lawsuits. He also declared the “blood accusation” to be false.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Nicholas IV (1288-1292) favored the Jews of Rome. His Jewish physician Isaac ben Mordecai informed him that the clergy of Rome treated the Jews with cruelty, violated their rights, and stole their property. Nicholas IV intervened and put a stop to it.<br /><br /></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) scorned the Jews when he became ruler. When the Jews came to pay him homage, as the law required, they presented him with a Torah scroll. The pope immediately handed it back to them with verbal insults to the Jewish religion. Under his rule, the Jewish community suffered terribly. He had an active Inquisition and many Jews were denounced and punished. In one instance, the community's rabbi was burned at the stake for a charge that would have destroyed the whole community had he not taken it entirely upon himself.Pope John XXII (1316-1334) ordered the <a href="https://aish.com/when-king-louis-ix-burned-the-talmud/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;">burning of the Talmud</a> in Rome in 1321. The community's most influential members used every means to prevent the execution of this order but were powerless to stop it. Many handwritten and irreplaceable books of the Talmud were publicly burned on Shavuot of 1322. This was followed by a mob that attacked and murdered Jews (As Heinrich Heine would observe in the future, “Where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.”)<br /><br /></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Innocent VII (1404-1406) was presented with a Torah scroll by the Jewish leaders, as required by law upon his appointment. In contempt, he returned it to them over his left shoulder. Other Popes would continue this practice.<br /><br /></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Martin (1417-1431) issued the Bull of February 14, 1429, that placed Jews under the jurisdiction of civil law, permitted them to attend public schools, and created an exemption for Jewish merchants from wearing the Jewish badge.<br /><br /></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Eugene IV (1431-47) had a mixed approach to the Jews, sometimes positive and later very negative. His first bull, issued February 8, 1433, forbade the beating of the Jews on their holy days and the unauthorized killing of Jews. Yet, in the Bull of 1442, he forbade Jews from studying civil law or working as artisans and abolished Jewish courts. This bull was enforced rigorously. After several Roman congregations collected enormous sums of money, they succeeded in having this bull withdrawn. However, a clause that taxed the Roman community to 1,000 scudi remained in force.<br /><br /></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Paul II (1464-1471) introduced a particularly humiliating practice that would remain in force on and off in the coming decades. He created the spectacle of footraces during “Carnival Week” to entertain the Roman masses before the deprivations of Lent. Jews were required to participate in the races, sometimes in humiliating attire and sometimes with no clothing, in what was known as the Jews’ Race.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><h2 class="article-subheader" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #303030; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; margin: 0px;">Religious Greatness Despite Persecution</h2><p style="box-sizing: inherit;">Despite the ongoing persecution and the difficulties of living in Rome, Torah learning and religious life continued. The humiliation and persecution by the Christians did not entice the Jews to convert, and they continued to live their lives with pride and loyalty to their heritage. Roman Jewish traditions (<i style="box-sizing: inherit;">minhagim</i>) followed those practiced in the Land of Israel, and their liturgy was a unique one known as <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Nusach Italki.</i></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Torah learning in Rome centered around the local yeshiva, Mesivta de Masa Romi.</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit;">Among the most well-known Torah scholars of Rome in the Middle Ages are:</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Reb Nosson ben Yechiel (1030-1106) authored the Aruch, an essential and class Talmudic Dictionary.</li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Rabbi Tzikdkiya ben Avraham Anav Harofei (1230-1300) wrote the <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Shibolei Haleket</i>, one of Italy's earliest writings that codified Jewish law. Tradition identified him as a descendant of the delMansi family, as mentioned earlier.</li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Rabbi Yechiel ben Yekusial Anav (13th century), also a descendant of the delMansi family, wrote the <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Sefer Tanya,</i> a shortened version of the <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Shibolei Haleket,</i> and the scribe of the famous Leiden manuscript of the Talmud Yerushalmi, which is the only extant complete manuscript of Talmud Yerushalmi.</li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Rabbi Ovadyah Sforno (1475-1550) lived in Rome for many years and was a brilliant Torah leader. On Cardinal Grimani’s recommendation, he taught Hebrew to the Christian humanist Johannes Reuchlin. It was likely due to their relationship, that Reuchlin was a good friend to the Jews of his time. Reuchlin was appointed as the judge to decide whether the Talmud was harmful and should be burned. His favorable decision on the Jews’ behalf saved them from that fate. Rabbi Ovadyah was also a close acquaintance of the future king of France, Henry II, due to his visits to Rome. Rabbi Ovadyah maintained contact and exchanged letters with him on philosophical topics. Rabbi Ovadyah Sforno’s legacy continues with his Sforno commentary on the Chumash that is studied worldwide until today.<br /></li></ul></ul><div><b><span style="font-size: large;">The Renaissance</span></b><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The Jews of Rome were active participants and beneficiaries of the Renaissance's changes in education and economics. Jews became artisans, bankers, and merchants. Overall, at the time of the Renaissance, the persecution of the Jews decreased due to the decreasing level of religious observance of the leaders and populace. However, this would change drastically with the coming of the Reformation.</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Leo X (1513-1521), a Medici Pope, no longer required the Jews to wear their identifying badges and removed some Jewish taxes. Most notably, he allowed the Jews to build a printing press, which was a huge boon for the Jews to be able to print <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">sefarim</i> rather than handwrite them. Under his reign, the Jews were so amazed at the peace they enjoyed that they sent a letter to Jews in Jerusalem asking if the Messiah had arrived.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Paul III (1534-50) permitted Jews expelled from Naples, the Land of Israel, and Africa to settle in Rome. He abolished the passion plays in the Colosseum, at which Jews had often been murdered. He also granted permission (1545) to Antonio Bladao, Isaac ben Immanuel de Lattes, and Benjamin ben Joseph Arignano to establish a Hebrew printing press in Rome. As mentioned, the ability to print books was in great demand for the “People of the Book,” so this was greatly appreciated. Unfortunately, this privilege was often revoked.</li></ul><h2 class="article-subheader" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #303030; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; margin: 0px;">The Reformation: Return to the Dark Ages of Persecution</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">Under the Reformation, any gains for the Jewish community from the Renaissance disappeared. In response to the <a href="https://aish.com/martin-luthers-reformation-and-antisemitism/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;">Protestant Reformation</a>, the Pope would act harshly toward any non-Catholic, and the Roman Jewish community bore the brunt of this approach.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The most glaring aspect of this harshness was likely the institution of a ghetto. The ghetto was located in an undesirable area of Rome that the Tiber often flooded. It was one square kilometer and was inhabited by upwards of 10,000 people. To create more room, the Jews built higher houses, blocking the sunlight. Although the community invested much in keeping the ghetto clean, this was not that easily done, and diseases would spread quickly.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">Additionally, the Jews needed to make a formal annual request for permission to continue to live in the ghetto. A humiliating ceremony would take place at the Arch of Titus in which the rabbi would pay homage to the<i style="box-sizing: inherit;"> Caparione</i> (the City Councillor), who would respond by beating the rabbi, which was the indication that the Jews could continue to live in the ghetto. To further demoralize the Jewish community, a tall cross was erected directly opposite the ghetto gate with Hebrew words engraved, "I have spread out my hands all day unto a rebellious people" <span class="sefaria-ref-wrapper" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline;">(<a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="Isaiah 65:2" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.65.2?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Isaiah 65:2</a></span>). The ghetto was also surrounded by churches.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">During the Reformation, Jews were extremely limited in their job options. Talmudic literature was banned in Rome, and raids in the ghetto were common to ensure this rule was followed. The Jews were forced to listen to speeches from priests as part of the Pope’s attempt to convert them.</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Paul IV (1555-1559) was one of the worst Popes for the Jews. He created the ghetto, decreeing that all Jews must be in the ghetto each evening and were forbidden to leave their home during the night. Jews were banned from most occupations and had to wear a yellow hat. Jews could not own any property outside the Ghetto. As an aside, the date his harsh decree was signed corresponded to the Hebrew date of 14 Tammuz. The date it was made public corresponded to the 9th of Av, <a href="https://aish.com/tisha-bav/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;">Tishah B’Av</a>.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pius IV (1559-66) treated the Jews benevolently. He diverted the waters of the Tiber so that the ghetto would be less likely to flood. He allowed Jews to have places of business outside of the ghetto. He also allowed the Talmud to be printed again.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Pius V (1566-1572) expelled the Jews from the Papal States, except for those of Rome and Ancona.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">On September 1, 1577, Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585) issued a decree that on every Sabbath, the Jews should attend sermons preaching conversion. A second bull, September 1, 1584, ordered that these sermons should be attended by at least 100 men and 50 women.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">A bull issued June 1, 1581, granted the Inquisition the right to proceed against Jews in blasphemy, demon worship, and heresy cases. As a result, a convert to Judaism named Joseph Sanalbo was burned at stake on 27 Shevaṭ in 1583.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Sixtus V (1585-90) protected the Jewish community and even ordered the whipping of Christians that insulted the Jews during the carnival. In 1587, walls were built around the Jewish cemetery to protect it. The Ghetto was enlarged in 1588 due to the increasing number of Jews, especially since the financial situation of the Jews improved at this time. The silk industry had been introduced into the Papal States on the advice of a Jew named Magino di Gabriele, and in gratitude, the Pope granted him several privileges.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Clement IX (1667-1669) ended the Jews’ Race at the carnival, which at this point included a degrading procession of one hundred Jews on donkeys, with the rabbi leading them, facing tailward. However, this race would be reinstated again in the coming years.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Innocent XIII (1720-24) and Benedict XIII (1724-30) renewed the anti-Jewish bulls issued by Paul IV and Pius V.</li></ul><h2 class="article-subheader" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #303030; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; margin: 0px;">Long Road to Freedom</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">With liberal viewpoints becoming popular, the Jewish community in Rome benefitted from decreasing persecution and increasing privileges. However, the process of opening the ghetto walls can be described as “one step forward and two steps backward.”</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Clement XIV (1769-1774) freed the Jewish community from external jurisdiction and the control of the Inquisition. He, and his successor Pius VI (1775-1800), endeavored to promote Jewish trade and industry until there was a strong backlash to this liberal approach. In response, they returned to the earlier edicts. Jews were again forbidden to leave their Ghetto and were even prohibited from putting monuments on their graves.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">The condition of the Roman Jews changed suddenly when French General Berthier entered Rome with French troops on February 15, 1798. The pope left Rome five days later, and the Jews were declared free citizens. The Jewish community celebrated with great joy.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">They soon discovered their freedom was only partial. A National Guard was established, and Jews were forbidden to join it and then permitted to. Then, the Jews were required to pay a huge sum of money to the government. On July 16, 1798, a Jew named Ezekiel Morpurgo was appointed a senator. When the Neapolitans invaded Rome, they ended the French government and imposed new taxes on the Jews.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Pius VII (1800-23) tried to improve the reduced financial condition of the Jews. He was exiled for some time under Napoleon, and the ghetto was allowed to remain open. When Napoleon fell, the gates of the ghetto were again closed, and the Inquisition was restarted.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Popes Leo XII (1823-29) and Pius VIII (1829-31) renewed the medieval antisemitic edicts with vigor. When Leo XII died, the Jews - who had already experienced emancipation - defiantly broke down the ghetto walls. However, this did not change the reality, and the anti-Semitic decrees, including the forced listening to conversion sermons, continued.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Gregory XVI (1831-46) was indebted to the Rothschild family due to the huge loan they had supplied him, yet under his reign, the ghetto walls that had been destroyed were rebuilt. He also demanded the Jewish community give him a Torah scroll as a sign of allegiance to him.</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pius IX (1846-1878), probably due to the waves of liberalism pushing through Europe, did certain positive acts for the Jewish community. He abolished the Jews’ Race at the carnival, gave money to the Jewish poor, and sent relief to the community when the streets were flooded. He allowed some Jews permission to live outside the ghetto. Most notably, on April 17, 1848, the Pope ordered the removal of the ghetto walls. Yet, he showed signs of regret afterward, writing in a letter to King Leopold II: “Your Highness is not unaware of the fact that the spirit of the Church … has always been to keep Catholics as much as possible from having any contact with the infidels … Otherwise, it will open the way to requests for other civil rights for the Jews and other non-Catholics.”</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pope Pius IX is also infamous for his role in the <a href="https://aish.com/sir-moses-montefiore-a-brief-history/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;">Edgar Mortara case</a>, in which a Jewish six-year-old boy was forcibly taken from his parents and kidnapped by the church. A servant-girl who worked for the family claimed she had secretly baptized him; therefore, he was a Christian. Despite the desperate pleas of his family and international outcry on his behalf by both Jews (including Sir Moses Montefiore, who personally traveled to Rome to appeal to the Pope but was not even granted an audience) and non-Jews (<span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #4d4d4d;">including letters to the Pope from Francis Joseph of Austria and Napoleon III of France)</span>, the Pope would not relinquish him and personally raised him as a Christian. Tragically, Edgard remained within the Catholic church and took on the name Pius in deference to the Pope who had taken him. Edgar Mortara’s parents died without ever having their child returned to them.</li></ul><h2 class="article-subheader" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #303030; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; margin: 0px;">Jewish Rome in the 20th Century</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">In 1870, Italy was united as a nation under King Victor Emanuel. The ghetto was finally and permanently abolished, and Jews were granted full citizenship. However, Jews would continue to live around the ghetto that had been their home for so many years.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The Jews quickly and fully integrated into the Italian society that had spurned them for centuries yet now welcomed their involvement. Jews became influential in education, the military, and the government. A Jew, Ernesto Nathan, was the mayor of Rome from 1907-1913. Another Jewish politician, Luigi Luzzatti, served briefly as the prime minister of Italy from 1910-1911.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">Several Jews were among the close advisors to Prime Minister Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) and there were Jews active in every branch of the fascist government.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">In an unexpected turn of history, Rome was a relatively positive place for the Jews during World War II. Although Mussolini was Hitler’s ally, neither he nor his government sought to implement the Nazi antisemitic policies, despite pressure from Germany.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">In 1943, when Nazi Reichsfuhrer Heinrich Himmler was sent to Italy to take over the “Jewish problem,” the 12,000 Jews of Rome were in mortal danger. This is a clear example of what a difference a country's population made in the Jewish situation in the Holocaust. In places like Poland, Ukraine, and Hungary, the populace generally was apathetic or supported and assisted the Nazis in their murder of the Jews. In Italy, many non-Jewish neighbors and government officials shielded the Jews from the Nazis. It was said that for every Jew caught by the Nazis, ten could escape with the help of the supportive population that surrounded them. For this reason, approximately 10,000 Roman Jews went into hiding and survived the war.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The Nazis demanded a ransom of 110 pounds of gold in exchange for the safety of the Jews, which the Jews delivered in September 1943. Nevertheless, in October 1943, the Nazis rounded up 1,259 Jews and forced them onto trains to Auschwitz. Of those deported, only 16 survived the war. In 2000, a stone plaque was unveiled at the Tiburtina train station, the site of the deportations, to honor the memory of these Jews from Rome killed by the Nazis.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The Pope harbored some Jews within the Vatican, which was considered a neutral sovereign state during WWII. In fact, the only time Pope XII protested the Nazi’s actions was when they came to Rome, and there was a risk they would take “his Jews.” The concept of the “Pope’s Jews” was based on Christian dogma that requires Jews to continue to exist as “Witness People” to the “Second Coming” as an explanation as to why Jews continue to exist.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">American forces liberated the city on June 4, 1944. Jews that had been in hiding came out and could participate in the liberation ceremony held at Rome's main synagogue.</p><h2 class="article-subheader" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #303030; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; margin: 0px;">Rome Today</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">Today, approximately 15,000 Jews live in Rome, with a dozen Sephardic and Ashkenazi Orthodox synagogues. The most beautiful synagogue is the Tempio Maggiore di Roma – Rome's Great Synagogue. The ancient <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Nusach Italki,</i> the distinct liturgy of Italian Jews since early Roman times, continues to be prayed. The Italian chief rabbi officiates at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Rome" target="_blank">Great Synagogue of Rome</a> and heads the country's rabbinical council.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The community experienced a devastating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Rome_attack" target="_blank">terrorist attack in 1982</a> on the holiday of Shemini Atzeret. PLO terrorists opened fire on the community members following the service, killing a two-year-old child and wounding 37 others. Since that time, security at Jewish institutions in Italy has been tight.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">Yet, on the whole, Jews in Rome experience equality with their fellow Italian citizens.</p><h2 class="article-subheader" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #303030; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; margin: 0px;">Coming Full Circle</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" target="_blank">Arch of Titus</a> is located in the heart of Rome, just a short walk from the Colosseum. Titus built it as a celebration of the victory of the Romans over the Jews of Israel. With painful clarity, the arch depicts the Jews being taken as slaves, with the <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">menorah</i> and other vessels from the Temple transported as booty to Rome.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">The renowned Torah leader, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosef_Shlomo_Kahaneman" target="_blank">Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman</a>, known as the Ponevezher Rav, traveled to Rome with his loyal companion, Dr. Moshe Rothschild, and taught Torah at Yeshiva <i style="box-sizing: inherit;">Shearis HaPleitah</i>. One day, Rabbi Kahaneman asked to be taken to the famous Arch of Titus.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">As they arrived at the Arch, he walked over, eyed it contemptuously, and spat on it. He raised his voice and called out, “Titus, Titus! You thought you would destroy the Temple</span><i style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"> </i><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">and defeat the Jewish People! Yet what remains of you, Titus? Nothing! Yet what remains of us? We can be found everywhere, sitting and learning Torah worldwide. We are victorious. The Jewish People live on! Titus, Titus - we won!"</span><br /></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtojaLRW_wJ456oM8-ugEQ6NvT5C1b2ODRp2Oh8ua-8BCpMB1RfvinCcQF0thhSVgqJ8CQIqHBSCd2IuVSmTM894rmGrjxlQZF24q8uy5eQ2nn7GRkdiZ4PgR2MSzPav292lep5WuU9zubFhKq0nb8aLruz6jDtCF-l3tEn5DCkLawXMR5HMI-6hgIPUuJ/s730/The-Jewish-History-of-Rome1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="730" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtojaLRW_wJ456oM8-ugEQ6NvT5C1b2ODRp2Oh8ua-8BCpMB1RfvinCcQF0thhSVgqJ8CQIqHBSCd2IuVSmTM894rmGrjxlQZF24q8uy5eQ2nn7GRkdiZ4PgR2MSzPav292lep5WuU9zubFhKq0nb8aLruz6jDtCF-l3tEn5DCkLawXMR5HMI-6hgIPUuJ/w502-h279/The-Jewish-History-of-Rome1.jpg" width="502" /></a></div></div><p></p></div></div></div></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-31642393714483764152023-07-04T17:57:00.000+01:002023-07-05T20:29:58.478+01:00PARASITE MONARCHIES<p> <b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Vive la République!</span></i></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEsd2onQa3tuIaf4gY8hgZ2UFKeWrpJzKNI8HjwNRY8gEte6pRxG91o9VU_YKyiyQbQIo8_0Hu9Vdplw5RvB_7QOi6OYbyPLXnQ5v6iakE45lavaCY17GeGvzGmDm0R3f98gJreHff7cYENQ3T02Bfbn61BrH1pd3WVkLLHZ5-YzDefivzYHx0CXCLFee4/s290/notmyking1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="290" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEsd2onQa3tuIaf4gY8hgZ2UFKeWrpJzKNI8HjwNRY8gEte6pRxG91o9VU_YKyiyQbQIo8_0Hu9Vdplw5RvB_7QOi6OYbyPLXnQ5v6iakE45lavaCY17GeGvzGmDm0R3f98gJreHff7cYENQ3T02Bfbn61BrH1pd3WVkLLHZ5-YzDefivzYHx0CXCLFee4/w400-h240/notmyking1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBxdz0vhcmCdZdsRK9Pjf9Pj6904k9STeNcV31k8I91wF9B9hsI7aevsl7MRvXMXQFueWf8vBzxHiLJrRfG7fUYJzutYtbac6NK0g24j-Edi48w6LYfGMpbGxJOATErDSzt_JOX1Gva7c5d9LqnmLD1RqlyV_hPRmv94jPhnZR7yd5FbNipT9F3M7AXHjQ/s1065/camilla1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBxdz0vhcmCdZdsRK9Pjf9Pj6904k9STeNcV31k8I91wF9B9hsI7aevsl7MRvXMXQFueWf8vBzxHiLJrRfG7fUYJzutYtbac6NK0g24j-Edi48w6LYfGMpbGxJOATErDSzt_JOX1Gva7c5d9LqnmLD1RqlyV_hPRmv94jPhnZR7yd5FbNipT9F3M7AXHjQ/w300-h400/camilla1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Certainly NOT my queen!!</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOBxMScsYq10K0YKSNWLyRPocresDqIhoHtIA_p4EZlCWpnf27GFg351xDXqvnfJA2qGhusS3W8ZHjBNmADzLMPVGR4n9Yt3BJLVABJPTVnFz2bIMfcF1tiiGZr-ekqw-0Chvb5zbOS-vlHFoxecBWahg5djA0VOdjPOLBf1iRtrYAFqbDrKUtROo0COAX/s480/Notmyking2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="480" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOBxMScsYq10K0YKSNWLyRPocresDqIhoHtIA_p4EZlCWpnf27GFg351xDXqvnfJA2qGhusS3W8ZHjBNmADzLMPVGR4n9Yt3BJLVABJPTVnFz2bIMfcF1tiiGZr-ekqw-0Chvb5zbOS-vlHFoxecBWahg5djA0VOdjPOLBf1iRtrYAFqbDrKUtROo0COAX/w400-h253/Notmyking2.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NOT my king!!<br /><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 20px;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1343" data-original-width="1170" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3dWnDaLUIHKF4WOcpQCS6GlUUrsW57qqS9XOYLC0ZV164M1CU1oQ3Sfgmc2PE8RVUyjCHfibXLpksmgnqFeDP-7wIkOfdop1H8P2vK-G4tdSmD6qbEO1n9f8sGtbS5FLgexRIkjS9jrSNen903RaK92nKG10uv1nivDc7nzu-U9Duv8kwHLHf46KTTmvC/w349-h400/Fu2Ft6SXsA0lDqw.jpg" width="349" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Odd Couple<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><i>And now read the book by Graham Smith:</i><br /><div aria-level="1" class="zNLTKd" role="heading" style="background-color: white; direction: inherit; font-family: "Google Sans", "Product Sans"; font-size: 34px; line-height: 40px;"><a href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Abolish_the_Monarchy/7dGrEAAAQBAJ?hl=en" target="_blank">Abolish the Monarchy</a></div><div class="Cxh5Uc" style="background-color: white; color: #4d5156; font-family: "Google Sans", "Product Sans"; font-size: 23px; line-height: 34px;"><a href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Abolish_the_Monarchy/7dGrEAAAQBAJ?hl=en" target="_blank">Why We Should and how We Will</a></div><div class="Cxh5Uc" style="background-color: white; color: #4d5156; font-family: "Google Sans", "Product Sans"; line-height: 34px;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;">"Graham Smith shows what fools our rotten constitution makes of us, with a monarch as emblem of a country beset by nepotism, backhanders, chumocracy and inherited privilege. Read and rebel!"</span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> (POLLY TOYNBEE)</span></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-38063276749210119782023-06-19T21:09:00.027+01:002023-06-19T22:07:35.714+01:00MY FRIEND, SAUL BELLOW<p> I've just started writing a book (in Italian) about Nobel Prize author Saul Bellow, one of my most loved writers of contemporary fiction...</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgLP_1NDmfgjrakYiqE9CO9LaEUtMfiqBjsebda8oSH_zF8fOVNVd_4lpEIdFPuBfdBx8D0gIWvexG0J3Sf-gZxswVo8pra6XW7CKiq_becx0bUeUbst4wsHw0bDc8GiEmATzJCB-eGcZH-xk0vGZDFjk1U7i8ppGbqUYNarySVta1g0S9vjXpbTEOtK_v/s335/saul-bellow_artpic23.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="335" data-original-width="314" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgLP_1NDmfgjrakYiqE9CO9LaEUtMfiqBjsebda8oSH_zF8fOVNVd_4lpEIdFPuBfdBx8D0gIWvexG0J3Sf-gZxswVo8pra6XW7CKiq_becx0bUeUbst4wsHw0bDc8GiEmATzJCB-eGcZH-xk0vGZDFjk1U7i8ppGbqUYNarySVta1g0S9vjXpbTEOtK_v/w375-h400/saul-bellow_artpic23.gif" width="375" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>My artwork of Saul Bellow in 1946</i></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Much of the critical attention focused on Bellow's novels deals with his preoccupation with contemporary man as an individual. My book is an attempt to show Bellow's view of man in his close relationship with contemporary society through examining one of his most important novels: <b><i>Herzog</i></b>.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The first part of my book will discuss the relationship author, novel and social reality considering some sociological conceptions of contemporary society as well as expounding the methodological approach I used for the analysis of the novel.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In the second part I will examine <i>Herzog </i>in an analysis of the internal structure of the novel, relating its imaginary universe to the patterns of contemporary capitalist society. I will deal with the universe of the novel and its homology between its structure and the structure of society. The deeper level of the novel, that of Herzog's conscience and the synthesis he pursues, I will also discuss in this part, displaying Bellow/Herzog's commentaries on man and contemporary society.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">I intend to conclude my study with the assumption that not only does Herzog stand for the contemporary man in the conflict between the individual and society, but also represents Bellow's voice in his deep reflections on history, philosophy and society.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnUU2rOCtR7cIlanZfFUddwZjxF8-0UDjho2K-kywU9x3dVqS5DA-3UzF9srdjVFaQ13aa1gwEoKJ6_kWJugjOBkwRR3Ge71AHYrfnCMpqNtB4ffN3JClhwcx_3wHEaDQOu5dYqADqL91toKFHbHcTHGMsRu4OcsDhcYitrPoJz8k8owe1Rmpu7CJdGF_H/s369/saulbellow1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="369" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnUU2rOCtR7cIlanZfFUddwZjxF8-0UDjho2K-kywU9x3dVqS5DA-3UzF9srdjVFaQ13aa1gwEoKJ6_kWJugjOBkwRR3Ge71AHYrfnCMpqNtB4ffN3JClhwcx_3wHEaDQOu5dYqADqL91toKFHbHcTHGMsRu4OcsDhcYitrPoJz8k8owe1Rmpu7CJdGF_H/w400-h400/saulbellow1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Link to my book in progress => <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bellow,_Herzog_e_la_realt%C3%A0_sociale" target="_blank"><b>BELLOW, <i>HERZOG</i>, AND SOCIAL REALITY</b></a><br /><br /></span></li><li>My many other <i>Wikibooks</i>, a list on my Italian blog: <a href="https://vivi-nascosto.blogspot.com/2023/06/i-miei-libri-su-wikibooks.html" target="_blank"><b>LATHE BIOSAS (Λάθε Βιώσας = <i>Vivi nascosto</i>)</b></a></li></ul>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-38584608449855710482023-06-17T20:25:00.000+01:002023-06-19T21:11:10.258+01:00Hey, who's this...?<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrbt_x2nC7rO8NZHCLNuhIKi6LVAPyz7VlxUvBGGxdfJ6TUSbuBhOhtTfpgKzSzqXIP-Mdd1lhglCTGH2KbulBoPmH4fC1Oi6Wv-st5q6PXMgZGPiJsy0T026clfmopOJptjx7NE5k74qtJ4jsS53wb1B2JrXJWBHuVYe4PyPVwFMi0Ba9NJF9RBVewBN9/s1200/Bob-Dylan2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrbt_x2nC7rO8NZHCLNuhIKi6LVAPyz7VlxUvBGGxdfJ6TUSbuBhOhtTfpgKzSzqXIP-Mdd1lhglCTGH2KbulBoPmH4fC1Oi6Wv-st5q6PXMgZGPiJsy0T026clfmopOJptjx7NE5k74qtJ4jsS53wb1B2JrXJWBHuVYe4PyPVwFMi0Ba9NJF9RBVewBN9/w400-h400/Bob-Dylan2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Could he be this...?</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9r5S-YodsaayZ6OiiKVSSKdrmxPVMPVjnVUoRvEvynK9xFG7tfkJsb0SgDAs0SFVINYARMs7NT8Y3TICsyxaRbHjfrY51se_V7sXd46mi0EN2-iL32TUmPc0t5sxiV7nJV7iyAXDX7rdRlknHwdGlzDpyXCpiHWMelswchrjZoQs9IXxMXMRhNTGjzMX/s976/dylanBob.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="976" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9r5S-YodsaayZ6OiiKVSSKdrmxPVMPVjnVUoRvEvynK9xFG7tfkJsb0SgDAs0SFVINYARMs7NT8Y3TICsyxaRbHjfrY51se_V7sXd46mi0EN2-iL32TUmPc0t5sxiV7nJV7iyAXDX7rdRlknHwdGlzDpyXCpiHWMelswchrjZoQs9IXxMXMRhNTGjzMX/w400-h225/dylanBob.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><br /><p></p>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-10166004644177500242023-06-15T19:28:00.000+01:002023-06-19T21:10:40.304+01:00SE SEQUI by Chris Rea<p> A great piece by Chris...</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="356" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LBXTBUZg35s" width="427" youtube-src-id="LBXTBUZg35s"></iframe></div><br /><p></p>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-48466021678937173922023-06-12T20:12:00.000+01:002023-06-19T20:26:56.209+01:00THE RUSSIAN CITIZEN UNDER PUTIN'S REGIME...<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCBgEmKwIpAXUPsSbjH5vcXYWg8Gy2AXeKOwVVgKICD2UQCaHv_XcLQHTPYJVYQ_901Q8e5PqsZwQ-ajxf9PXsTvYqLHCzoYDxtManvJN_NpeeGZcbrZJ3SrV3aW9Rg_dCszx3IjfBbAnX9FJyNoS9sbniz3MTMfH2dVTwWUs058nA74Dp9Goq2H2siAau/s473/dumbass.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="402" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCBgEmKwIpAXUPsSbjH5vcXYWg8Gy2AXeKOwVVgKICD2UQCaHv_XcLQHTPYJVYQ_901Q8e5PqsZwQ-ajxf9PXsTvYqLHCzoYDxtManvJN_NpeeGZcbrZJ3SrV3aW9Rg_dCszx3IjfBbAnX9FJyNoS9sbniz3MTMfH2dVTwWUs058nA74Dp9Goq2H2siAau/w340-h400/dumbass.jpg" width="340" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-87537132874360991102023-05-27T21:12:00.083+01:002023-06-19T21:58:23.485+01:00I was born on this very day!<p> ...Isn't it a baffling coincidence?</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfJNrxoHOcz41Grv5vqgxtMzxUdKWBreaa0T5l49ZWhW2FdDmXeH9xk0DQktHB63rKPxK-TzhHTm0el3V0U8vyEGJE7HE-9DKw2dB_xQbmyT7s5U-P9UylWWlabT02taBL49ViuSixQv3C1c9F7FvGrjyyK_fjj1E-_Jh0w4djQ_07Bo3xpOTYEd8Gjxjq/s400/HippieDad01.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfJNrxoHOcz41Grv5vqgxtMzxUdKWBreaa0T5l49ZWhW2FdDmXeH9xk0DQktHB63rKPxK-TzhHTm0el3V0U8vyEGJE7HE-9DKw2dB_xQbmyT7s5U-P9UylWWlabT02taBL49ViuSixQv3C1c9F7FvGrjyyK_fjj1E-_Jh0w4djQ_07Bo3xpOTYEd8Gjxjq/w300-h400/HippieDad01.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: #ff00fe;">Hey, I'm just an old hippie. You know, peace and love...</span></i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">And here's a poem of mine:</span></div><div><br /><h3 class="post-title" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18.2px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 4px;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">~ TAUT JAUNT</span></h3><div class="post-body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; background: url("http://www.blogblog.com/harbor/divider.gif") center top no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Georgia, serif; padding-top: 12px;"><p style="font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;"></p><ol><span style="color: #0b5394;">Dance<br />To the music<br />Of my drunken habits<br />Guzzling mad notes<br />In wild composition<br />And whilst the alcoholic fogs dissipate<br />Observe the true shapes reappear<br />Sallying in harmonic delight.</span><br /></ol></div><p><i>(2005)</i></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">...Here's another one, <i>haiku </i>style:</span></p><h3 class="post-title" style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 4px; text-align: right;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-size: large;">~ MY ECSTASY</span></h3><div class="post-body" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-origin: initial; background-position: 50% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; background: url("http://www.blogblog.com/harbor/divider.gif") center top no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-top: 12px;"><ol><div style="color: #663366; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 23.4px; text-align: right;">In a single utterance<br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="text-align: left;">I lost all of my strength</span></div></div><div style="color: #663366; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 23.4px; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="text-align: left;">But in a composite thought</span></div></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #663366; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 23.4px;">I repossessed my soul</span></div></ol></div><p style="text-align: right;"><i style="text-align: left;">(2005)</i></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><i style="text-align: left;">From my old Anthology: </i></p><h1 id="blog-title" style="background-color: white; color: #667788; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 48.1px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em;"><a href="http://rimbauddaubmir.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><b>daubmir<br /></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>mes poésies et prose poétique</b> <i>...et mes Muses m'accompagnent dans le chant</i></span></a></h1></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-72546043704231243662023-02-03T12:10:00.001+00:002023-02-04T12:14:12.722+00:00SO LONG, MY DEAREST FRIEND...<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq_OBX9igWKmFfGEdrNfRZNBPmnMVVp_Yk50N3HVvwcjFuOjUAXB2kh3Fsrztfl_UgTR8JjdQuCj-mY5Ks4DY9_4pqOQyv71AbKLkq7E0yXfcB7QEhXMJGVaRFHByo-YuDHEzGcZhyYIkxl58IetIrGOjL0ldm1qfj9xJonZJoBNJdGXgvxeFHTX3f/s509/Claudio1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq_OBX9igWKmFfGEdrNfRZNBPmnMVVp_Yk50N3HVvwcjFuOjUAXB2kh3Fsrztfl_UgTR8JjdQuCj-mY5Ks4DY9_4pqOQyv71AbKLkq7E0yXfcB7QEhXMJGVaRFHByo-YuDHEzGcZhyYIkxl58IetIrGOjL0ldm1qfj9xJonZJoBNJdGXgvxeFHTX3f/s16000/Claudio1.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i>CLAUDIO VENDITTI</i></b><i><span> </span>(1948-2023)</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p><pre class="wp-block-verse line-numbers show-stanza-numbers poemanalysis poem-analysis" id="read-poem" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border-radius: 5px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #161616; counter-reset: line 0; font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="stanza" style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: stanza 1; font-size: 18px; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0s; white-space: pre;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;"></span></div><blockquote><div class="stanza" style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: stanza 1; font-size: 18px; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0s; white-space: pre;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">I shot an arrow into the air,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">It fell to earth, I knew not where;</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">For, so swiftly it flew, the sight</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">Could not follow it in its flight.</span></div><span class="empty" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></span><div class="stanza" style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: stanza 1; font-size: 18px; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0s; white-space: pre;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">I breathed a song into the air,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">It fell to earth, I knew not where;</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">For who has sight so keen and strong,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; line-height: 24px;">That it can follow the flight of song?</span></div><span class="empty" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 18px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></span><div class="stanza" style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: stanza 1; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0s; white-space: pre;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">Long, long afterward, in an oak</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">I found the arrow, still unbroke;</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">And the song, from beginning to end,</span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;">I found again in the heart of a friend.
</span></div></blockquote><div class="stanza" style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: stanza 1; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0s; white-space: pre;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; counter-increment: line 1; display: flex; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><pre class="wp-block-verse line-numbers show-stanza-numbers poemanalysis poem-analysis" id="read-poem" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: line 0; font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><pre class="wp-block-verse line-numbers show-stanza-numbers poemanalysis poem-analysis" id="read-poem" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 5px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: inherit; counter-reset: line 0; font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 20px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;">(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"> </em><i>The Arrow and the Song)</i></span></pre></pre></div></pre>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-29021251258537967942022-12-01T18:49:00.004+00:002022-12-02T13:59:50.493+00:00THE FREEDOM TO DOUBT<p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi34vAppJ42AKwtH5bskiPuVIGmynCUE76UYCjXW0VcUE5R9phrkqcG7gHPpAh0qvgPQoOV9i8P-pzXR6jODD6wUH0bh4vtoPUX0dEoN3-aVIiQ2cypdILYEAaEDgHoiE3UkJy-VP4HonH6sJcMdfRaWhEcYKd675T9Vfwqunt2xo-6_LVNh71jVQaG0w/s730/Carl-Sagan-and-the-Freedom-to-Doubt.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="730" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi34vAppJ42AKwtH5bskiPuVIGmynCUE76UYCjXW0VcUE5R9phrkqcG7gHPpAh0qvgPQoOV9i8P-pzXR6jODD6wUH0bh4vtoPUX0dEoN3-aVIiQ2cypdILYEAaEDgHoiE3UkJy-VP4HonH6sJcMdfRaWhEcYKd675T9Vfwqunt2xo-6_LVNh71jVQaG0w/w531-h299/Carl-Sagan-and-the-Freedom-to-Doubt.jpg" width="531" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan" target="_blank">Carl Sagan</a> and the Cosmos</b></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Carl Sagan and the Freedom to Doubt<br /></span></b><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;">by </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><a href="https://aish.com/authors/48866047" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Jeff Jacoby</a></span></div><p></p><i><b><span style="font-size: medium;">At the intersection of science and public policy, nothing is more hazardous than dogmatism enforced through the squelching of dissenting attitudes.</span></b></i><br /><br />In astronomy, “Sagan’s number” refers to the number of stars in the observable universe. That’s a value easier to define than to calculate, but in round numbers, according to <a href="https://click.email.bostonglobe.com/?qs=c8efe036cd9d4912ea996a1e1ec49341dbe4d82c3b9f8c2933d80d9a85a6bd8338b63ab3336b29e35cf21105d4767bb3412fd46fb1ae9a9f3f316ac5ed77ed52" target="_blank">a 2010 study</a> by Yale astronomer Pieter van Dokkum, it comes to 300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or 300 sextillion. (Depending on the meaning of “observable,” <a href="https://click.email.bostonglobe.com/?qs=c8efe036cd9d4912f92f20459010393cc6407cfeee8c4e466af45689a7185b7e27b2dc5b856ebcb7a6eab038e29d3d28c65482ef9aff239fcfe6c8ed18b1c84e" target="_blank">that number may now be out of date</a>.)<br /><br />Sagan’s number is named for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan" target="_blank"><b>Carl Sagan</b></a>,* the American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, and science communicator who died in 1996. He achieved extraordinary renown in the 1970s and 1980s, especially after PBS broadcast his 13-part television series <i>“Cosmos,”</i> which became one of the most widely watched series in the history of American public television.<div><br />His scientific achievements were considerable. He published more than 600 papers and books in the areas of astrobiology, planetary conditions, the origins of life on earth, the greenhouse effect, and extraterrestrial intelligence. He played a role in numerous NASA planetary space probes and helped write the so-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message" target="_blank">Arecibo message</a>, an interstellar radio signal incorporating information about humanity that was beamed from earth in the direction of the M13 star cluster in 1974.<br /><br />The honors and awards he received numbered in the dozens; they ranged from the <i>NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal</i> to the <i>George Foster Peabody Award</i> for his television work.<div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div>As part of his campaign to increase scientific literacy among the general public, Sagan repeatedly emphasized the importance of skepticism and non-dogmatic thinking. He was adamant that extraordinary claims require extraordinary levels of proof and derided pseudoscience and its peddlers. (One of his favorite cartoons, he wrote, showed “a fortune-teller scrutinizing the mark’s palm and gravely concluding: ‘You are very gullible.’”)<br /><br />Yet while he cast a cold eye on the supernatural claims of religion, he was equally firm that scientists must not fall in love with scientific claims that aren’t supported by convincing evidence. “If the ideas don’t work, you must throw them away,” he wrote in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" target="_blank"><i>The Demon-Haunted World</i></a>, the last book he published before his death. “Don’t waste neurons on what doesn’t work. Devote those neurons to new ideas that better explain the data.” He warned against succumbing to confirmation bias — what the pioneering 19th-century English physicist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday" target="_blank">Michael Faraday</a> described as the temptation<br /><blockquote>to seek for such evidence and appearances as are in the favor of our desires, and to disregard those which oppose them. . . . We receive as friendly that which agrees with [us], we resist with dislike that which opposes us; whereas the very reverse is required by every dictate of common sense.</blockquote>The lure of confirmation bias is if anything more powerful today, when social media and political polarization relentlessly turn scientific matters into culture-war flashpoints. Too many ideologues on both the right and the left approach public health and science questions through a political lens. News organizations increasingly freeze out or belittle scientific opinions that don’t fit an accepted narrative. Leading politicians support or oppose health-care practices on the basis of party politics.<div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHkD878yGmRh_we4LUhv5ArQIWNL5SnznJv0HNSLAj8E9u22R80gOlwa9b8JFGB7ECePL3zx93JJtPRf6tCLGn90um0leoZJICJrjcdBp02djWjdDIKkcKtr_-lmF0pgH2pIBtwxhgAI2UsFtpjK5j6EqB7s94H2WbUW45D7CoQxn6VX_lXmMCJ0M_NQ/s900/Steven_Pinker1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="753" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHkD878yGmRh_we4LUhv5ArQIWNL5SnznJv0HNSLAj8E9u22R80gOlwa9b8JFGB7ECePL3zx93JJtPRf6tCLGn90um0leoZJICJrjcdBp02djWjdDIKkcKtr_-lmF0pgH2pIBtwxhgAI2UsFtpjK5j6EqB7s94H2WbUW45D7CoQxn6VX_lXmMCJ0M_NQ/w168-h200/Steven_Pinker1.jpg" width="168" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Steven Pinker</span></i></a></td></tr></tbody></table>Were Carl Sagan still alive, he would surely be among those pushing back against such blind antiscientific bias. Alas, he was just 62 when he died from complications brought on by a long struggle with bone marrow disease. But in a recently unearthed speech he gave to the Illinois chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union in 1987, Sagan expressed warnings that are even more relevant today than they were at the time. The speech was obtained and transcribed by Harvard scientist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker" target="_blank"><b>Steven Pinker</b></a>* and civil liberties lawyer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Silverglate" target="_blank">Harvey Silverglate</a>, both of Cambridge, Mass., who <a href="https://quillette.com/2022/07/01/science-and-civil-liberties-the-lost-lecture-of-carl-sagan/?et_rid=587852687&s_campaign=arguable:newsletter" target="_blank">published it this month in the online journal <i>Quillette</i></a>.<br /><br />In his address, write Pinker and Silverglate in a brief introduction, Sagan “spoke prophetically of the irrationality that plagued public discourse, the imperative of international cooperation, the dangers posed by advances in technology, and the threats to free speech and democracy in the United States.” If those threats raised concerns in 1987, they have grown dire today. Some excerpts from Sagan’s remarks:<br /><blockquote>Science has devised a set of rules of thinking, of analysis, which, although there are exceptions in individual cases (scientists being humans just like everybody else), nevertheless, on average, are responsible for the remarkable progress of science.<br /><br />And you all know, certainly, what these rules are. Things like arguments from authority have little weight. Like contentions have to be demonstrable. Like experiments must be repeatable. Like vigorous substantive debate is encouraged and is considered the lifeblood of science. Like serious critical thinking and skepticism addressed to new and even old claims is not just permissible, but is encouraged, is desirable, is the lifeblood of science. There is a creative tension between openness to new ideas and rigorous skeptical scrutiny.</blockquote>These are axiomatic to the scientific method, yet they are flouted routinely, even aggressively. Sagan properly noted that “arguments from authority have little weight” — yet how often are controversial matters now declared immune to dispute because “<a href="https://www.spectator.com.au/2019/06/the-science-is-settled/?et_rid=587852687&s_campaign=arguable:newsletter" target="_blank">the science is settled</a>” or “ <a href="https://click.email.bostonglobe.com/?qs=c8efe036cd9d49126ee5fe9774401646866eee7c111b37aeae7bb46795c6dc628aa5512f8e56b121ebf71caaf97cdbe8a4648ece7b8c478e66599b216fc5bd3b">97 percent of scientists agree</a>” or we must “<a href="https://hac.bard.edu/amor-mundi/listen-to-the-experts-2020-05-01?et_rid=587852687&s_campaign=arguable:newsletter" target="_blank">listen to the experts</a>”?<div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO_pfamxJTXxaAtcrrf2vVc-ASx9HElf8i8JQcYOq_cCKSteH1mMDIiJyHw0mNc4AxMm2ENRQZUaHy35mzN4whQaZI5hunKKH3TI9NJdRN2fwNn5NSBNFPrbfANSv8AU6KFwNgjO1jzjcigCfV0SVX2HT_9IVJqd6Lh7o933f06YgQJtvjdP6GoxlnRQ/s730/Carl-Sagan-and-cosmos.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="730" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO_pfamxJTXxaAtcrrf2vVc-ASx9HElf8i8JQcYOq_cCKSteH1mMDIiJyHw0mNc4AxMm2ENRQZUaHy35mzN4whQaZI5hunKKH3TI9NJdRN2fwNn5NSBNFPrbfANSv8AU6KFwNgjO1jzjcigCfV0SVX2HT_9IVJqd6Lh7o933f06YgQJtvjdP6GoxlnRQ/w539-h303/Carl-Sagan-and-cosmos.jpg" width="539" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic;">Skepticism, said Carl Sagan, is "the lifeblood of science."</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />What is true of science is true of everything, Sagan argued. Mistakes are inevitable, which is why it is urgent to allow space for “settled” conclusions to be challenged:<br /><blockquote>In public affairs, this sort of error-correction machinery in our society is institutionalized in the Constitution. It’s institutionalized, first of all, in the separation of powers, and secondly, in the civil liberties, especially in the first 10 amendments to the Constitution: the Bill of Rights.<br /><br />The founding fathers mistrusted government power, and they had very good reason to, as do we. This is why they tried to institutionalize the separation of powers, the right to think, the right to speak, to be heard, to assemble, to complain to the government about its abuses, to be able to vote or impeach malefactors out of office…<br /><br />Despite our best efforts, some things we believe are probably wrong. We certainly are very keen on recognizing the errors of past times and other nations. Why should our nation, why should our time, be different? If there are things that we believe, if there are institutions in our society that are in error, imperfectly conceived or executed, these are potential impediments to our survival. How do we find the errors? How do we correct them?<br /><br />I maintain: with courage, the scientific method, and the Constitution.</blockquote><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4UunSfvX_fDzICmGSoeUVoVlJG9wvy3f3QKwq6r-lI7nd4ShQFcdxYOZ0IpcYjZ4u7ryYNrHd-T4pf9jfYofIFoyrNFogJpFCPHbhwGtGEEgRjipjfypkrB_iolgi76nddOkreIIHD06Q6EU2kvodq6nh6PA8dlTAEJSUFsJyGUOiMAwWfh30-Wx_tg/s396/Richard_Feynman_Nobel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="280" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4UunSfvX_fDzICmGSoeUVoVlJG9wvy3f3QKwq6r-lI7nd4ShQFcdxYOZ0IpcYjZ4u7ryYNrHd-T4pf9jfYofIFoyrNFogJpFCPHbhwGtGEEgRjipjfypkrB_iolgi76nddOkreIIHD06Q6EU2kvodq6nh6PA8dlTAEJSUFsJyGUOiMAwWfh30-Wx_tg/w141-h200/Richard_Feynman_Nobel.jpg" width="141" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Richard Feynman</span></i></a></td></tr></tbody></table>At the intersection of science and public policy, nothing is more hazardous than dogmatism enforced through the squelching of dissenting attitudes. A generation before Sagan voiced his warning, an equally renowned scientist, the theoretical physicist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" target="_blank"><b>Richard Feynman</b></a>,* raised similar alarms. In a 1955 lecture to the National Academy of Sciences, Feynman — who a few years later would be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics — addressed what he called “the value of science.” He ended with a warning, more desperately needed now than it was then, against closed-mindedness in science and against the urge to demonize those who challenge popular views.<br /><br />“If we want to solve a problem that we have never solved before, we must leave the door to the unknown ajar,” Feynman told his listeners.<br /><blockquote>In the impetuous youth of humanity, we can make grave errors that can stunt our growth for a long time. This we will do if we say we have the answers now, so young and ignorant as we are. If we suppress all discussion, all criticism, proclaiming “This is the answer, my friends; man is saved!” we will doom humanity for a long time to the chains of authority, confined to the limits of our present imagination. It has been done so many times before.<br /><br />It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress which comes from a satisfactory philosophy of ignorance, the great progress which is the fruit of freedom of thought, to proclaim the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.</blockquote>Of all scientific values, Sagan and Feynman both knew, the most invaluable is the <a href="https://aish.com/doubt-and-certainty/" target="_blank">freedom to doubt</a>. That freedom is no less indispensable to a healthy civic culture. In a universe of 300 sextillion stars, we will never know everything we don’t know. Even here, on the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wupToqz1e2g" target="_blank">pale blue dot</a> that is the only home humankind has ever known, there are so many unsolved dilemmas, so many questions with only uncertain answers. Those who demand that heterodox thoughts be censored — or self-censored — are playing with fire. For when skeptics aren’t safe, all of us are at risk.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;">* All three scientists are of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_European_Jewry" target="_blank">Jewish descent from Eastern Europe</a> (Ukraine, Poland, and Belarus).</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;">_____________________________________</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><i style="background-color: #ffd966;">➤Also check out these two posts of mine on Cosmos and astronomy:</i></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #f48d1d; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><a href="https://kinkatso.blogspot.com/2017/07/stargazing-into-yourself.html" target="_blank">STARGAZING INTO YOURSELF...</a></h3></li><li><div><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #f48d1d; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><a href="https://kinkatso.blogspot.com/2016/12/we-are-way-for-cosmos-to-know-itself.html" target="_blank">“We are a way for the cosmos to know itself.” (Carl Sagan)</a></h3></div></li></ul></div><p></p></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-86749928497207855112022-11-30T20:18:00.000+00:002022-11-30T20:18:09.665+00:00DIVINE GENDER?<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDuw6OrWOp9eFuRH5Z2qsTEIRrQXKqL5ZKwOfFV1g9Qd9GPzEcASQdKqqirgAXXtaS-OXSKyTikcoUBznK2wYK-rwgDmHOcNsJxOiTYuYJjEUgq1zEyKOGaGkef9iWmVckEkkmSJHT7OWak6y3Nl0xwMmnXE67YU73z0q93_Xk6LgX2meQRksm-BPoWg/s730/Divine-Gender1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="730" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDuw6OrWOp9eFuRH5Z2qsTEIRrQXKqL5ZKwOfFV1g9Qd9GPzEcASQdKqqirgAXXtaS-OXSKyTikcoUBznK2wYK-rwgDmHOcNsJxOiTYuYJjEUgq1zEyKOGaGkef9iWmVckEkkmSJHT7OWak6y3Nl0xwMmnXE67YU73z0q93_Xk6LgX2meQRksm-BPoWg/w526-h296/Divine-Gender1.jpg" width="526" /></a></p><p><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">An article by Dr <a href="https://aish.com/authors/121624474" target="_blank"><b>Esther Shkop</b></a>, published on <a href="https://aish.com/" target="_blank"><i>Aish.com</i></a> on November 29, 2022</span></p><div class="ct-div-block" id="div_block-179-160860" style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; gap: 24px;"><div class="ct-code-block" id="code_block-32-160860" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"></div></div><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Judaism's feminine and masculine imagery of God.</span></i></b><br /><br />Much has been made of male dominance in Judaism which, it is argued, is rooted in the biblical and liturgical conception of God in masculine images. Indeed, when Jewish sources wish to represent God as the ultimate force, that power is represented in the metaphor of <i>Gibor</i> (Hero) and <i>Ish Milchamah</i> (Man of War). When the representation is meant to indicate that God is the source of righteous judgment, He is depicted as a Shofet, the masculine word for judge; when as a benign yet stern father, God is described as <i>Avinu sh'ba'Shamayim</i>, our Father in Heaven. These images are undoubtedly masculine. And they are meant to be.<br /><br />However, in essence, God is neither feminine nor masculine. God's essence is indescribable in any human terms, as <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_maimonidea" target="_blank">Maimonides</a>' fourth principle of faith states: <i>The Creator... is not physical and is not affected by physical phenomena</i> (Commentary to the Mishnah, Sanhedrin, ch. 10). The descriptive references, then, are for our benefit, to allow us to relate to the Divine. Undoubtedly women can and should relate to God as envisaged in masculine imagery.<br /><br />However, if the imagery used in Judaic texts were solely masculine, one might be led to believe that there is a uniquely masculine approach to Judaism's conception of God. Judaic theology would thus foster a closer affinity with the world of men than that of women. Indeed, some contemporary women feel disconnected from their heritage, convinced that it simply does not speak to them as women.<br /><br />In truth, masculine imagery represents only one portion of references to God in Jewish texts. The <i>Tanakh </i>(the five books of the Bible and the Prophets and Writings) is, in fact, replete with feminine imagery.<div><br /></div>The Torah relates that God created the first being, Adam, "in His image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them" (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.1.27?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Genesis 1:27</a>). The great commentator known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malbim" target="_blank">Malbim</a> (in his work <i>Ayelet HaShachar</i>, ch. 31) states that wherever the concept of Adam is used in biblical and Talmudic writings, it denotes both male and female. In other words, when God first created Adam -- the first being created in the image of God -- he was formed with both female and male aspects, as an androgynous being.<br /><br />Only later does the Bible describe the separation of the male and female in the formation of Adam and Eve. Henceforth, the Divine image is as intrinsic in the woman as it is in the man, and, indeed, in the absence of either man or woman, there is no complete image of God.<br /><br />When describing the unconditional love that cannot and will not be extinguished by betrayal and abandonment, Moses evokes the image of maternal compassion with the description of God as <i>El Rachum</i>, "the Merciful God, Who will not fail you, nor destroy you" (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.4.31?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Deuteronomy 4:31</a>). The great 19th-century commentator Rabbi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_Raphael_Hirsch" target="_blank">Samson Raphael Hirsch</a> illuminated the fact that the concept of <i>rachum</i>, mercy, is rooted in the noun <i>rechem</i>, which means womb. The Jewish conception of compassion and love is grounded in the essentially feminine image of the womb, which holds, nurtures, and protects the fetus -- be it perfect or malformed, pretty or ugly, worthy or undeserving.<p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">➤<a href="http://www.aish.com/sp/ph/48964511.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><b>Related Article: The Gender of God</b></a></p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Maternal Imagery</span></b><br /><br />Inspired by the words of the Torah, the prophet Isaiah adds more drama and depth to the maternal imagery. He renders God as the loving Mother of Israel who can never forget the child She bore and suckled, who then asks incredulously,<br /><br /><i>"Can a woman forget her babe, cease loving the son of her belly? Indeed, these may forget, but I will never forget you." (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.49.15?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Isaiah 49:15</a>)</i><br /><br />In a similar vein, Isaiah presents God as the Source of life and peace. With a descriptive personification of a nursing mother, he portrays the great metaphor of Gods comfort:<br /><br /><i>"I stretch out to her like a river of peace, like a stream flowing with the honor of the nations, and you may suckle. You will be carried on the side and played with on the knees. As one whose mother comforts him, so I will comfort you; and you will be comforted in Jerusalem." (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.66.12-13?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Isaiah 66:12-13</a>)</i><br /><br />Often in his prophecies of comfort, Isaiah presents God in woman-to-woman dialogue with the collective of Israel, Zion, who is complaining about her long years of suffering. God soothes the despairing Zion like a sympathetic midwife, explaining that her pains are but the travails that precede birth and asking rhetorically, "Will I bring you to the breaking point and not bring forth? If I am the deliverer [midwife], will I stop [the birth]...?" (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.66.9?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Isaiah 66:9</a>)<br /><br />Similarly, the maternal imagery of God can be found throughout Psalms, the primary source of Jewish liturgy. This is quite explicit in chapter 22 (written by King David about four centuries before Isaiah), in which the poetry transposes the babe's reliance on the mothers breast with its reliance on God:<br /><br /><i>"For You are the One Who drew me out of the belly, the One Who secured me on my mothers breasts. Upon You I have been cast from the womb; from my mothers belly You have been my God." (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Psalms.22.10-11?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Psalms 22:10-11</a>)</i><div><br /></div><div>This image of God's relation to the Jewish people as that of the nonjudgmental, unconditionally loving Mother flowers in the poetic renditions of the later prophets. In his description of the <i>Exodus from Egypt</i> and the birth of Israel as a nation, Ezekiel employs the concept of God as a high-soaring eagle who takes note of Israel, depicted as an unwanted, abandoned female infant wallowing in blood (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Ezekiel.16.6?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Ezekiel 16:6</a>). The hovering Presence, resolute that the infant will live, is contrasted to the parents and midwives who had rejected her. While they had cast her off, still attached to the afterbirth, God embraces, washes, and swaddles the baby girl.<br /><br />The warmth with which Ezekiel describes the dressing and adorning of the growing babe sheds a new and warm light on the rituals with which mothers bestow gentle affection on their children. There is no more intimate and tender act of giving than that of a woman when she cleanses her baby and dresses it in pretty clothes. To be able to adore a baby despite its filth, to coo and sweet-talk a child while wiping its bottom, to wash and anoint its skin, and then cover it with embroidered swaddling probably does more for building a child's self-esteem than we can ever know. That God ascribes to Himself such loving, albeit mundane acts speaks more to the value of what has been called "women's work" than all the exhortations of modern literature.<br /><p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">➤<a href="http://www.aish.com/sp/ph/God_An_Introduction.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><b>Related Article: God: An Introduction</b></a></p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Female Strength</span></b><br /><br />Lest it seem that the use of the feminine metaphor is limited to depictions of nurturing and tender motherhood, Isaiah confounds our prejudices. Not only does the woman personify the collective of the Jewish people in its relation to God, but the prophet directly envisions God as a woman of strength.<br /><br />Isaiah describes, in the third person, the vengeance of God against our enemies:<br /><br /><i>"As a mighty man He will go out; like a man of war He will stir up jealousy. He will blare, even scream, as He overcomes His enemies." (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.42.13?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Isaiah 42:13</a>)</i><br /><br />However, in the development of that same prophetic vision, the voice moves to the first person, as God speaks of long-simmering fury. The Man of War undergoes a metamorphosis and emerges in the strength and cries of a birthing woman in the throes of labor:<br /><br /><i>"I have forever held my peace, I have hushed and refrained Myself; now, like a birthing woman, I will cry out, panting and gasping at once." (<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.42.14?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker">Isaiah 42:14</a>)</i><br /><br />The Malbim, in his commentary on this verse, differentiates between the words <i>eshom</i>, rapid, panting exhalations, and <i>eshaf</i>, which refers to gasping inhalations. In what might be the first description of the Lamaze method, the prophet transforms the allegorical meaning inherent in the image of the birthing woman. She is no longer seen as a victim of forces she cannot control; instead, she is rendered as the symbol of strength, of creative force. Interestingly, the Hebrew word <i>chayil</i>, valor or force, which connotes labor contractions, is the root of the Hebrew words for military forces and soldier.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">The Divine Name</span></b><br /><br />In English translations of Judaic texts, the Divinity is referred to as God, Lord, or <i>Hashem </i>(literally, the Name). Yet God has a Name, the famous tetragrammaton, the four-letter Name, which is made up of the letters <i>yud-heh</i> and <i>vav-heh</i>. This ineffable Name is a contraction of the Hebrew verb "to be" in the past, present, and future, denoting Gods existence before time, in the present, and after the end of time, and is therefore often translated as the Eternal. In the Hebraic source, this Name is written as a feminine noun and signifies the aspect of <i>rachamim</i>, mercy, which, as indicated above, is quintessentially feminine. Thus every blessing and prayer we say, every evocation of the Eternal Presence, kabbalistically called the <i>Shekhinah</i>, is in fact an evocation of the feminine concept -- the unconditional love of the Creator.<br /><br />Moreover, this feminine four-letter Name is used throughout the Torah and all of our liturgy to suggest <i>hashgachah pratit</i>. <i>Hashgachah pratit</i>, commonly translated in English as Divine Providence, follows each person like a shadow, protecting and guiding each human being and according infinite value to each individual. Its presence is invisible, but it is the One with which we commune, for it is with us at all times. This concept is unlike the concept of <i>Elokim</i>, another of God's Names, which is written as a plural masculine noun and signifies the forces and multiple powers manifest in nature visible yet uncontrollable, relentless, and impersonal.<br /><br />One can only be impressed by the majestic beauty and profound emotion that Jewish sources, especially the prophets, conjure through the use of feminine imagery. The numerous and various strong feminine images more than balance out the masculine ones. While we must remember that the Divine is beyond form and gender, human language by necessity conceives even the most abstract in visual images. The multiplicity of feminine images alongside the masculine, and the context in which one or the other is used, requires close study and often mystical understanding.<br /><br />Careful analysis of the Hebraic texts will reveal that religious experiences and the immediacy of God are to be found in the world of women no less than in that of men. It would be a tragedy and a travesty to castrate the language, for it would then remove God from the experiential milieus of both men and women, rendering us mortals mute, unable to commune with or communicate about our Creator.</div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;">________________________________________</p></div><div><b><span style="color: #38761d; font-size: medium;">About the Author of this article:</span></b></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>Dr </i><b>Esther Shkop</b><i> is Dean of the Blitstein Institute of Hebrew Theological College, and Associate Professor of Bible. She has a Ph.D. in Public Policy Analysis, a Masters in Biblical Studies and a B.A. in English Lit and Philosophy.</i></div></span></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-9916312915576198082022-11-28T22:26:00.001+00:002022-11-30T17:12:52.176+00:00EHYEH-ASHER-EHYEH<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1TN-NIlYJbexfnYmzWTGxbgRcIaPpfaj8BJrzXa-MndYRjRmFTHyXvhFLHnvWBNL7q8SPofY8XV8LJWMvErMhF3uP_L4youjpFtvLkm5J4s8cHPAUMHhrkFd2pGSMlSmLL0mFI1ykAB1E_epC3sYkhBp6LD1fFALxe4Btcrtmma6Sbwk0Qjypn7k93w/s1197/EhyehAsherEhyeh1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="120" data-original-width="1197" height="52" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1TN-NIlYJbexfnYmzWTGxbgRcIaPpfaj8BJrzXa-MndYRjRmFTHyXvhFLHnvWBNL7q8SPofY8XV8LJWMvErMhF3uP_L4youjpFtvLkm5J4s8cHPAUMHhrkFd2pGSMlSmLL0mFI1ykAB1E_epC3sYkhBp6LD1fFALxe4Btcrtmma6Sbwk0Qjypn7k93w/w521-h52/EhyehAsherEhyeh1.jpg" width="521" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה<span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; text-align: start;"></span></span><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"> (</span><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;" title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">’ehye ’ăšer ’ehye</i></span><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;">) - the Hebrew text with <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niqqud" target="_blank">niqqud</a></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;">I've always been intrigued and bewildered by this biblical Hebrew expression. Wikipedia reports "<b>I Am that I Am</b>" as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" target="_blank">common English translation</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language">Hebrew</a> phrase אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה (’ehye ’ăšer ’ehye; pronounced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" target="_blank">[ʔehˈje ʔaˈʃer ʔehˈje]</a>)– also "<b>I am who (I) am</b>", <b>"I will become what I choose to become</b>", "<b>I am what I am</b>", "<b>I will be what I will be</b>", "<b>I create what(ever) I create</b>", or "<b>I am the Existing One</b>". The traditional English translation within <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism" target="_blank">Judaism</a> favours "<b style="background-color: #ffe599;">I will be what I will be</b>" because the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfective_aspect" target="_blank">imperfective aspect</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" target="_blank">Modern Hebrew</a> is normally used for future tense and there is no present tense with direct object of the verb "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_be" target="_blank">to be</a>" in the Hebrew language.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i>This is R<a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/" target="_blank"><b>abbi Jonathan Sachs</b></a>' interpretation of the phrase:</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">[The Hebrew expression] is often translated as ‘I am who I am’, or ‘I am He who is’. Early and medieval Christian thinkers understood it to mean God was saying He was ‘Being-itself, timeless, infinite and purely spiritual. The source of all life’.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #990000;">But this is not a Jewish definition of God, and</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #990000;"><i>Ehyeh asher ehyeh </i>means none of these things.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #990000;">It means ‘<b>I will be what, where, or how I will be</b>’. What is important here (and what is missed by all other translations) is the <i>future tense</i>. God is defining Himself as the Lord of history who is soon to get involved in human history like never before, to make great change, to set free a group of slaves from the mightiest empire of the ancient world and lead them on a journey towards freedom.<br /><br />“<b>I will be what I will be</b>” means that God was about to history and transform it. God was telling Moshe that there was no way he or anyone else could know in advance what God was about to do, but that if they would just have trust in God, they were about to see the future that He will bring about.</span><br /></p><p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #990000;">God <i>defined </i>Himself in the phrase </span><span style="color: #990000;">“</span><span style="color: #990000;">I will be what I will be</span><span style="color: #990000;">”</span><span style="color: #990000;">, meaning, </span><span style="color: #990000;">“</span><span style="color: #990000;"><b>I will be what, where and how I choose</b></span><span style="color: #990000;">”</span><span style="color: #990000;"> 一 hence the God who defies predictability and probability.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">~</span> ⭖ <span style="font-size: medium;">~</span></p></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><i style="background-color: #ffe599;">And this is how scholar Gerardo G. Sachs further interprets:</i></li></ul><div><i><b>Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh</b></i> is the ambiguous and even contradictory answer Moses
receives when he asks God to tell him His Name (Ex. 3:14). All the classical
commentators related to this question, and this short notation aims to take a fresh look at the
scene. To this end, it reviews Moses' background, tries to explain his attitude,
and then expands on the subject proper. </div><div><br /></div><div>This is not the first time God speaks with man. Indeed, from the very start
He addresses His creatures. It is always He who takes a straightaway initiative, and from Adam through Abraham none seems surprised or hesitant; they
listen and eventually reply. But with Moses, it was not straightaway. First,
Moses' curiosity is provoked, and not until he is drawn to the <i>Burning Bush</i> is
communication established. Moses at first tries to evade the mission put upon
him, and before going on from that he poses a fundamental question: Who is
calling to him?
Why is Moses the first to ask this? </div><div><br /></div><div>In regard to this, we recall his special
circumstances; he had been raised at the court of the principal power of the
time, and in that ancient time a name was much more than just a means to
identify a person. As to his own background, according to Exodus 2:11-14 he
must have known his origins. But we do not know what this meant to him.
We do not know how much of Hebrew tradition endured after several hundred years of the sojourn in Egypt, how many stories of the Patriarchs and
their meetings with God were recalled in his family, and whether Moses, separated from his parents from earliest childhood, would have learned them. </div><div><br /></div><div>We may assume that at the Egyptian court he learned all the worldly arts
and sciences of the time, and was trained to make critical evaluation of the
kinds of situations and challenges he would meet as a member of the governing class. He was also familiar with the god-like status of the reigning Pharaoh he was to serve. Taking this into account, Moses' cautious reaction is
understandable. </div><div><br /></div><div>But why does he ask for the name? It is now little more than a formality for
a person to introduce himself by name. The name by itself does not express anything. Traditional Jewish parents may still honor a deceased forebear by
bestowing the name on a descendant, but even then the meaning of the name
has nothing to do with the personality of its bearer. Besides this, most people
select a first name for a child that goes well with the last name, or according
to what is in vogue, to the extent that sometimes you can even guess the approximate age of a person by his or her first name. </div><div><br /></div><div>In antiquity, each person had but one name, and its meaning had much to
do with its bearer. It carried something of a characterization, or a pattern for
the forthcoming life, as is often noted in the Book of Genesis. Also, it was
believed that the name of a demon, spirit, or deity conveyed its essence,
strengths and weaknesses. Pronouncing it could make it appear and was thus
dangerous. (A reminder of this belief stands behind the Third Commandment,
prohibiting the thoughtless use of God's name, and the later prohibition of
pronouncing it at all.) Therefore, when Moses asks the name of the Unknown
who introduces Himself as the God of his Patriarchs, he needs this information as part of the message he is to transmit to Pharaoh, but he also seeks firm
ground for himself when dealing with the pantheon of Egyptian deities with
which he is familiar. And the answer he receives is terrific, authentic, and
impressive: <i>"Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh."</i> </div><div><br /></div><div>To comprehend the significance of this, it is necessary to know that Hebrew
verbs, unlike verbs in the Indo-European languages, have no present, past,
and future tenses. There is a gerund form for an ongoing action of undetermined duration, and two other forms which in modern usage apply to "past"
and "future," but essentially indicate only whether an action has or has not
been concluded. If the letter or word which represents the personal preposition stands before the verbal root, the action has not yet concluded; if it
stands after the verbal root, the action has been concluded. </div><div><br /></div><div>In this instance, the personal preposition letter of <i>ehyeh</i> is an <i>aleph</i> that
stands for the first person singular pronoun. The other three letters come from
the root <i>h-y-h</i> that connotes "to be." Hence, <i>"ehyeh"</i> signifies an action not
yet concluded and can mean likewise "I am" or "I shall be." So, <i>Ehyeh Asher
Ehyeh</i> can be understood in four very different ways of self-definition: </div><div><br /></div><div><b>1.</b> '<b style="background-color: #ffe599;">I AM WHO I AM</b>' – referring to an eternally unchanging Being. Such
understanding corresponds to a "static" philosophy, the idea that since the World was created everything remains unchanged as it came from the Hand
of God. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>2.</b> '<b style="background-color: #ffe599;">I AM WHO I SHALL BE</b>' – standing for a fundamental constancy regardless of variations. Such a conception of the Eternal does not ignore the evident changes that occur in nature in the course of time, but considers them of
secondary importance without affecting the eternally unchanging essence of
God.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>3.</b> '<b style="background-color: #ffe599;">I SHALL BE WHO I AM</b>' – is the idea that evolution is inherent to the
essence of God. It is in agreement with present scientific knowledge of the
universe, the formation of the galaxies, the evolution of living creatures on
earth, and particularly to the possibilities of the genetic techniques with its
crossings and "new models" of plants and animals. In line with this interpretation, the contemporary Jewish naturalist Lutz Zwillenberg wrote, "The purpose of the Universe is the realization of all the possibilities inherent in it." </div><div><br /></div><div>4. '<b style="background-color: #ffe599;">I</b><b style="background-color: #ffe599;"> SHALL BE WHO I SHALL BE</b>' – can have two meanings: "To every
one I am something else," or "each person has a different idea of Me," as
masterfully expressed by the author of <i>Shir ha-kavod</i>, a well-known synagogue hymn, or to a theistic thinker it could read as if God continuously realizes
Himself. </div><div><br /></div><div>These four interpretations are not only different but also mutually exclusive. Contradictory possibilities are anchored in this marvelous <i>Ehyeh</i>, which
He presents as being His true name. Its form is different according to who is
speaking: When God presents Himself he says "<b>I</b>" (beginning with <i>aleph</i>).
When man speaks of Him he says "<b>He</b>" (beginning with <i>yod</i>). Therefore, His
name from His side is written <i>aleph-hei-yod-hei</i> and from our side <i>yod-heivav-hei</i>. (<i>Yod </i>and <i>vav </i>are similar in form and sometimes interchanged in biblical Hebrew.) </div><div><br /></div><div>Thereafter Moses demands <i>Let My people go that they may worship Me in
the wilderness</i> (Ex. 7:16). Worship Whom? The Absolute beyond our comprehension, the dimensionless and timeless <i>Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh</i>. </div><div><br /></div><div><ul><li><i style="background-color: #ffe599;">Moreover, here's my Wikibook in Italian about <b>The Name of God in Judaism</b>:</i></li></ul></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">➤</span><i style="font-size: 12.8px;">Da Wikibooks, manuali e libri di testo liberi scritti da </i><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_misticismo_ebraico" style="font-size: 12.8px;" target="_blank"><b>Monozigote</b></a><i style="font-size: 12.8px;">:</i></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></span><div id="contentSub" style="background-color: white; color: #54595d; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.76px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"></div><div id="contentSub2" style="background-color: white; color: #54595d; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.76px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"></div><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo#mw-head" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #0645ad; display: block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; text-decoration-line: none; width: 1px;">Jump to navigation</a><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo#searchInput" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #0645ad; display: block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; text-decoration-line: none; width: 1px;">Jump to search</a><div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="it" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.7em;"><b>IL NOME DI DIO NELL'EBRAISMO</b></span><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-size: 1.25em;"><i>Il Nome santo nelle tradizioni mistiche ebraiche</i></span><br /><i><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_misticismo_ebraico" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie misticismo ebraico">Nr. 4 della Serie misticismo ebraico</a></i><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><br /><span style="font-size: 1.25em;"><i>Autore:</i> <b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Utente:Monozigote" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Utente:Monozigote">Monozigote</a> 2021</b></span><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><img height="56" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/EhyehAsherEhyeh1.jpg/750px-EhyehAsherEhyeh1.jpg" style="background-color: transparent;" width="564" /></p></div><div style="background-color: white; color: teal; font-family: sans-serif; text-align: center;"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">ויאמר אלהים אל־משה אהיה אשר אהיה ויאמר כה תאמר לבני ישראל אהיה שלחני אליכם׃</span></p><dl style="font-size: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em; overflow: hidden;"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; overflow: hidden;"><b>«</b> DIO disse a Mosè: «IO SONO COLUI CHE SONO».<br />Poi disse: «Dirai così ai figli d'Israele:<br />"IO SONO mi ha mandato da voi"» <b>»</b><br />(<small><a class="extiw" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_dell%27Esodo" style="background: none; color: #3366bb; text-decoration-line: none;" title="w:Libro dell'Esodo">Esodo</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Esodo3%3A14&formato_rif=vp" rel="nofollow" style="background: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg?2cd31") right center / 0.857em no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;">3:14</a></small>)</dd></dl></div><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); color: black; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Indice"><span style="font-size: large;">Indice</span></span></h2><div class="floatright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #202122; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:V08p532001_Mezuzah.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Mezuzah: "Li scriverai sugli stipiti della tua casa e sulle tue porte" (Deut.6:9)"><img alt="Mezuzah: "Li scriverai sugli stipiti della tua casa e sulle tue porte" (Deut.6:9)" data-file-height="435" data-file-width="140" decoding="async" height="342" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/V08p532001_Mezuzah.jpg/110px-V08p532001_Mezuzah.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/V08p532001_Mezuzah.jpg 1.5x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="110" /></a></div><div class="floatleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #202122; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0.5em 0.5em 0px;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_(4858065397).jpg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Mezuzah: "Li scriverai sugli stipiti della tua casa e sulle tue porte" (Deut.6:9)"><img alt="Mezuzah: "Li scriverai sugli stipiti della tua casa e sulle tue porte" (Deut.6:9)" data-file-height="800" data-file-width="128" decoding="async" height="344" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_%284858065397%29.jpg/55px-Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_%284858065397%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_%284858065397%29.jpg/83px-Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_%284858065397%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_%284858065397%29.jpg/110px-Inscribe_Them_On_The_Doorposts_Of_Your_House_%284858065397%29.jpg 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="55" /></a></div><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><br /><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Copertina" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Copertina">Copertina</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoCopertina" style="margin-left: 3px;"></span></a></b></p><dl style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">⇒ <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Introduzione" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Introduzione">Introduzione</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoIntroduzione" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Presenza_e_discorso" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Presenza e discorso"><b>1</b> - Presenza e discorso</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoPresenza_e_discorso" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Perdere_il_Nome" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Perdere il Nome"><b>2</b> - Perdere il Nome</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoPerdere_il_Nome" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Il_Nome_intenzionale" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Il Nome intenzionale"><b>3</b> - Il Nome intenzionale</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoIl_Nome_intenzionale" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/I_settanta_volti_di_Dio" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/I settanta volti di Dio"><b>4</b> - I settanta volti di Dio</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoI_settanta_volti_di_Dio" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/L%27albero_dei_nomi" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/L'albero dei nomi"><b>5</b> - L'albero dei nomi</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoLalbero_dei_nomi" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Nome_e_lettera" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Nome e lettera"><b>6</b> - Nome e lettera</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoNome_e_lettera" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Redenzione_nel_Nome" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Redenzione nel Nome"><b>7</b> - Redenzione nel Nome</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoRedenzione_nel_Nome" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Conclusione" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Conclusione"><b>8</b> - Conclusione</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoConclusione" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">⇒ <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Appendice" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Appendice"><i>Appendice: Hagiga 15a</i></a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoAppendice" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></dd></dl><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo/Bibliografia" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo/Bibliografia">Bibliografia</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Il_Nome_di_Dio_nellEbraismoBibliografia" style="margin-left: 3px;"><img alt="Avanzamento: 100%" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/100%25.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></span></a></b><br clear="all" /></p><h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); color: black; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="PREMESSA">PREMESSA</span></h2><p style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;">Una delle tradizioni più potenti del fascino ebraico per il linguaggio è quella del Nome. In effetti, la tradizione mistica ebraica sembrerebbe una meditazione lunga due millenni sulla natura del nome in relazione all'oggetto e su come il nome media tra soggetto e oggetto. Anche nel corso della svolta linguistica del ventesimo secolo, l'aspetto più notevole nei filosofi ebrei – quasi tutti secolari – è quello del nome personale, qui d'importanza fondamentale nell'articolazione dei rapporti umani e del dialogo.<br />Questo mio studio esamina i testi dell'ebraismo relativi al Nome di Dio, offrendo un'analisi filosofica di questi come mezzo per comprendere il ruolo metafisico del nome in generale, in termini di relazione con l'identità. Lo studio inizia con la formazione dell'<a class="extiw" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbinismo" style="background: none; color: #3366bb; text-decoration-line: none;" title="w:Rabbinismo">ebraismo rabbinico</a> nella tarda antichità, viaggiando attraverso lo sviluppo del <i>motif</i> nella Cabala medievale, dove il Nome raggiunge la sua dichiarazione più grandiosa e sistematica — e quella che ha maggiormente contribuito a formare le idee dei filosofi ebrei nel ventesimo e ventunesimo secolo. Questa indagine metterà in evidenza alcune idee metafisiche che si sono sviluppate all'interno dell'ebraismo dalle fonti bibliche e che presentano un contrasto diretto ai paradigmi della filosofia occidentale. Quindi un mio sottotesto più ampio è una critica alla metafisica greca dell'essere che l'Occidente ha ereditato e che i filosofi ebrei spesso sottopongono a sfide di varia sottigliezza; sono questi filosofi che spesso assegnano un'enfasi particolare al nome personale, e questa enfasi dipende dall'influenza storica della tradizione metafisica ebraica del Nome di Dio.</p><p style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;">~ * ~</span></p><h1 class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" id="firstHeading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow: visible; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-size: large;"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wikibooks e libri di testo liberi scritti da Monozigote, nella </span><i>Serie misticismo ebraico:</i></span></h1><h3 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(221, 221, 221); line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;"><div class="vector-body" id="bodyContent" style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: calc(0.875em); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6; position: relative; text-align: center; z-index: 0;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Luria_signature.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; font-size: calc(0.875em); margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Firma di Isaac Luria"><img alt="Firma di Isaac Luria" data-file-height="510" data-file-width="585" decoding="async" height="349" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Isaac_Luria_signature.svg/400px-Isaac_Luria_signature.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Isaac_Luria_signature.svg/600px-Isaac_Luria_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Isaac_Luria_signature.svg/800px-Isaac_Luria_signature.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="vector-body" id="bodyContent" style="color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: calc(0.875em); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6; position: relative; text-align: center; z-index: 0;"><div class="noprint" style="border-bottom: none; display: inline; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: oblique;"><br /></div></div><div class="vector-body" id="bodyContent" style="line-height: 1.6; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_misticismo_ebraico#mw-head" style="background: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #0645ad; display: inline !important; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: calc(0.875em); font-weight: 400; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none; width: 1px;">ump to navigation</a></div><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_misticismo_ebraico#searchInput" style="background: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #0645ad; display: block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: calc(0.875em); font-weight: 400; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; text-decoration-line: none; width: 1px;">Jump to search</a><div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="it" style="color: #202122; direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: calc(0.875em); font-weight: 400;"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="center" style="text-align: center; width: 971.444px;"></div></div></div></div></h3><h2 style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="WIKIBOOKS_DELLA_SERIE_MISTICISMO_EBRAICO">WIKIBOOKS DELLA SERIE MISTICISMO EBRAICO</span></h2><h3 style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;"><div class="vector-body" style="color: #202122; font-size: calc(0.875em); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6; position: relative; z-index: 0;"><div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="it" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); color: #202122; font-size: 14px; margin: 1em 0px;"><tbody><tr><th style="background-color: #eaecf0; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Numero d'ordine</th><th style="background-color: #eaecf0; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Wikibooks-logo.svg" data-file-height="300" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="30" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="30" /></a> <b>SERIE MISTICISMO EBRAICO</b> <a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="Wikibooks-logo.svg" data-file-height="300" data-file-width="300" decoding="async" height="30" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="30" /></a></th><th style="background-color: #eaecf0; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;"><i>Stage</i></span></th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Messianismo_Chabad_e_la_redenzione_del_mondo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Messianismo Chabad e la redenzione del mondo">Messianismo Chabad e la redenzione del mondo</a></b></i> — Il messaggio messianico di un movimento ebraico moderno</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al gennaio 2021)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al gennaio 2021)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduzione_allo_Zohar" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Introduzione allo Zohar">Introduzione allo Zohar</a></b></i> — Gli aspetti profondi del misticismo ebraico nel <i>Libro dello Splendore</i></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al febbraio 2021)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al febbraio 2021)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">3</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Isaac_Luria_e_la_preghiera" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Isaac Luria e la preghiera">Isaac Luria e la preghiera</a></b></i> — Innovazioni lurianiche nella preghiera <i>Shema Yisrael</i></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al marzo 2021)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al marzo 2021)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">4</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Il_Nome_di_Dio_nell%27Ebraismo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo">Il Nome di Dio nell'Ebraismo</a></b></i> — Il Nome santo nelle tradizioni mistiche ebraiche</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al aprile 2021)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al aprile 2021)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">5</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rivelazione_e_Cabala" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Rivelazione e Cabala">Rivelazione e Cabala</a></b></i> — Crisi della tradizione mistica nella Cabala</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al maggio 2021)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al maggio 2021)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">6</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Storia_intellettuale_degli_ebrei_italiani" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Storia intellettuale degli ebrei italiani">Storia intellettuale degli ebrei italiani</a></b></i> — Ebraismo italiano nella prima età moderna</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al luglio 2021)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al luglio 2021)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">7</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Abulafia_e_i_segreti_della_Torah" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Abulafia e i segreti della Torah">Abulafia e i segreti della Torah</a></b></i> — Esoterismo, Cabalismo e Profezia in Abramo Abulafia</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al maggio 2022)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al maggio 2022)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">8</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Israele_%E2%80%93_La_scelta_di_un_popolo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Israele – La scelta di un popolo">Israele – La scelta di un popolo</a></b></i> — Elezione e Consacrazione nell'Ebraismo</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al giugno 2022)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al giugno 2022)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">9</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Nahmanide_teologo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Nahmanide teologo">Nahmanide teologo</a></b></i> — La teologia di Moshe ben Nachman, il Ramban</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:100_percent.svg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al luglio 2022)"><img alt="Fase di sviluppo: 100% (al luglio 2022)" data-file-height="9" data-file-width="9" decoding="async" height="9" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="9" /></a><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></h3></div></div></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-22313581912591180632022-11-27T12:29:00.000+00:002022-11-28T22:28:53.412+00:00THE AMAZING UKRAINIAN JEWS<p style="text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ENh95ZePXymFMH1uMFfPi94AlxjCEW8zEmWNidJ5_PzMhA58tHWT81rLZ4In0mLAWw0zs-8wmBzSlSAFiQldBr02t-QoCcVAb1mGhJ4cGxqJSQZL0Te2d6KJLka9_g9knhIvRN4L2qJyWHpj-fvPQTp5HdeQ46GxCAslrxGriDskQZnp_8FEJTebOQ/s1200/ZELENSKI1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ENh95ZePXymFMH1uMFfPi94AlxjCEW8zEmWNidJ5_PzMhA58tHWT81rLZ4In0mLAWw0zs-8wmBzSlSAFiQldBr02t-QoCcVAb1mGhJ4cGxqJSQZL0Te2d6KJLka9_g9knhIvRN4L2qJyWHpj-fvPQTp5HdeQ46GxCAslrxGriDskQZnp_8FEJTebOQ/w520-h273/ZELENSKI1.jpg" width="520" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" target="_blank"><i>Volodymyr Zelensky</i></a></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">President Zelensky joins a long list of amazing Ukrainian Jews who have made the world a better place.</span></i></b></div><div><br /></div><div>In the weeks since Russia invaded Ukraine, sparking untold suffering and destruction and causing the largest refugee crisis since World War II, Ukraine’s Jewish President, <a href="https://wordpress-735451-2736722.cloudwaysapps.com/ukraines-president-volodymyr-zelensky-six-facts/" target="_blank"><b>Volodymyr Zelensky</b></a> has emerged as a hero. Zelensky has rallied nations and individuals across the world and he’s been open about his Jewish background, explaining to journalists that he is the grandson of Holocaust survivors and grew up in “an ordinary Soviet Jewish family.”<br /><br />Zelensky isn’t the only Ukrainian Jew to inspire people around the world and change history. Here are 11 other Ukrainian Jews who made the world a better place.</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMt3Rl3VmbuCFqFdXbJt3cSt39WnlXfsgC6dgchricfoys7Ttgkn1NVTe_JNyRcunE7I3hut1V783CqSAz2pTFw49xY5uL9WrsQXTyuJKpfrBmOuPxmm4vF_QwnLJhl-YlmhIq20sEfSoZnMjynOcWlmvR7ram7ICQqjTzcmW3nS_Mz4kflY24vbpRhQ/s730/Famous-Ukranians2-730x411-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="730" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMt3Rl3VmbuCFqFdXbJt3cSt39WnlXfsgC6dgchricfoys7Ttgkn1NVTe_JNyRcunE7I3hut1V783CqSAz2pTFw49xY5uL9WrsQXTyuJKpfrBmOuPxmm4vF_QwnLJhl-YlmhIq20sEfSoZnMjynOcWlmvR7ram7ICQqjTzcmW3nS_Mz4kflY24vbpRhQ/w531-h299/Famous-Ukranians2-730x411-1.jpg" width="531" /></a></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Ba’al Shem Tov</span></b><br /></div><br />Yisrael ben Eliezer was born in 1700 in Poland, close to the Ukrainian border. He became a renown mystic leader and is the founder of the Jewish Hasidic movement, which emphasizes worshiping God with intense joy. He amassed a devoted following of Jews who called him the “<a href="https://wordpress-735451-2736722.cloudwaysapps.com/ukraine-and-the-jews-12-facts/" target="_blank"><b>Ba’al Shem Tov</b></a>,” the “Good Master of the (Divine) Name”. He settled in the Ukrainian city of Medzhybizh sometime in the 1730s and taught Jews there that even the most simple Jew is able to reach the heavens with simple, heartfelt prayers.<br /><br />He incorporated elements from Jewish mysticism into his teachings, emphasizing that every single element of the world contains a Divine spark. Huge numbers of Ukrainian Jews embraced the Hasidic movement which later spread throughout Europe and the world.<div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Ze’ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky</span></b><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEieFG2S2JP3riXZCvjQ99zZgaog3_zEauu9fSv0TosjO_dfCz1pYLhlboBQxyyRGvPwxZn31zSlOuPjP__0Kuu82gCqRsAGB-m6W1uXwGkSXB-I_Rd0bG5EbGLwo6uaoe1OjXbndxo0Qgl6LsNgDHxeULJWzPEzNBuPX5qt4QsGElJhG6O3jjCdgkjX5w" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="235" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEieFG2S2JP3riXZCvjQ99zZgaog3_zEauu9fSv0TosjO_dfCz1pYLhlboBQxyyRGvPwxZn31zSlOuPjP__0Kuu82gCqRsAGB-m6W1uXwGkSXB-I_Rd0bG5EbGLwo6uaoe1OjXbndxo0Qgl6LsNgDHxeULJWzPEzNBuPX5qt4QsGElJhG6O3jjCdgkjX5w=w478-h480" width="478" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" target="_blank">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table>Born in 1880 in the city of Odessa, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" target="_blank"><b>Ze’ev Jabotinsky</b></a> grew up completely assimilated. He had no connection to Judaism until he was an adult. He became a celebrated Russian journalist, filing stories from across Europe.<br /><br />In 1903, the infamous Kishinev Pogrom changed the course of Jabotinsky’s life. Over three days of rioting, beginning on Easter Sunday, hundreds of Jews in the Moldovan city of Kishinev were attacked, injured, and killed. Their property was destroyed and Jews cowered in fear as the murderous mob rampaged unchecked. Hundreds of Jewish women were violently assaulted. It became clear that Jews had little future in Europe.<br /><br />Jabotinsky was convinced Jews needed a Jewish state to be secure and became an ardent Zionist. He helped found the Jewish Legion to help British forces during World War I, and advocated tirelessly for a Jewish state in the land of Israel. Expelled from the land of Israel in 1929 by the British authorities, Jabotinsky continued to advance the cause of Jewish liberation, founding the underground Irgun military force and insisting on Jewish statehood. He died in exile in 1940.</div><div><br /></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Golda Meir</span></b><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="487" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_7cef3eff31e47825.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="487" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir" target="_blank">Golda Meir</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table>Israel’s 4th Prime Minister was born in 1898 in Kyiv. Her family was destitute. She recalled her father looking for work and having only bread and herring to eat. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir" target="_blank"><b>Golda Meir</b></a> wrote in her memoirs, “Despite everything, on Friday nights our house was always full of people, members of the family mostly. I remember swarms of cousins, second cousins, aunts and uncles. None of them was to survive the Holocaust, but they live on in my mind’s eye, sitting around our kitchen table, drinking tea out of glasses and, on the Sabbath and holidays, singing for hours - and I remember my parents’ sweet voices ringing out above the others.”<br /><div><br /></div>Meir went on to become one of the architects of the Zionist movement. She worked for Israel’s Federation of Labor; after World War II she negotiated with the British authorities to let in desperate Jewish refugees, and conducted diplomacy with Jordan’s King Abdullah I, trying (in vain) to convince him to refrain from attacking a future Jewish state.<br /><br /><a href="https://wordpress-735451-2736722.cloudwaysapps.com/golda-meir-on-the-palestinians/">Golda Meir</a> was one of the signatories of Israel’s Declaration of Independence on May 14, 1948, and served as Israel’s ambassador to Russia, as Israel’s Foreign Minister (she was the world’s only female foreign minister at the time), and in became Israel’s Prime Minister in 1969, serving until 1974.<div><br /></div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Otto Preminger</span></b><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjikWSV1pO0oJouiOcSHDgh8nTe2BRcJmYNBV0W18MZ1ca5oXrLBskAp5ZJ3J5Rhv_-k1-IlD_Cn2NCVQjkycipQ2X1C0x_WAaseRW4O6kvSCdBJ1LJFa1RU_kp-2pql4wkf4FduJPnXF6UU8iq_lpnikrRg-tQtkhmznM5nCjOBVZp2AMCtdEF7pi2oQ" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img height="453" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjikWSV1pO0oJouiOcSHDgh8nTe2BRcJmYNBV0W18MZ1ca5oXrLBskAp5ZJ3J5Rhv_-k1-IlD_Cn2NCVQjkycipQ2X1C0x_WAaseRW4O6kvSCdBJ1LJFa1RU_kp-2pql4wkf4FduJPnXF6UU8iq_lpnikrRg-tQtkhmznM5nCjOBVZp2AMCtdEF7pi2oQ=w522-h453" width="522" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Preminger" target="_blank"><i>Otto Preminger</i></a></td></tr></tbody></table>The groundbreaking film noir director <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Preminger" target="_blank">Otto Ludwig Preminger</a></b><b style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </b>was born in 1905 in Vyzhnytsia, Ukraine. He started his career as a theater director, and later became one of the most famous movie directors in the world. In his long movie career, he directed over 40 films, including <i>Laura, Carmen Jones, The Man With the Golden Arm, Bounjour Tristesse, Porgy and Bess, Anatomy of a Murder, Exodus</i> and <i>Tell Me You Love Me Junie Moon</i>.<div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Natan Sharansky</span></b><br /><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="363" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_a5eb539e0b7b7c08.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="542" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" target="_blank">Natan Sharansky</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table>The famous former Soviet refusenik and Israeli politician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" target="_blank"><b>Natan Sharansky</b></a> was born in Donetsk, Ukraine in 1948. As a young man he worked as an interpreter for the Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov. As <a href="https://wordpress-735451-2736722.cloudwaysapps.com/48971051/" target="_blank">Natan explored his Jewish identity</a>, he became a spokesman for the Soviet Jewry dissident movement. He became a refusenik in 1973 after his application to emigrate to Israel was denied, and was arrested on trumped-up charges of treason and spying in 1977.<br /><br />Sentenced to 13 years in a labor camp in Siberia, Natan coped with his imprisonment by focusing on his Jewish life. He later observed that in prison, as he embraced his Jewish identity, he found himself feeling like a free man.<br /><br />Natan Sharansky was finally allowed to emigrate in 1986. He moved to Israel and later served as President of the Zionist Forum and editor of the Jerusalem Report. He formed a new political party in 1995, and was elected to Israel’s Knesset, eventually serving in various ministerial roles and as Deputy Prime Minister from 2001 to 2003. He served as Chairman of the Executive for the Jewish Agency from June 2009 to August 2018.</div><div><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Simon Wiesenthal<br /><br /></span></b></div><div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijTO48pzfHGfKRa20fMS-2jLnznj1dIvZQLXj9uFH2v3rf2zlA3TFucLnW75Ssd-Jo0hRGMvcskWIVr42ovQRonmAvE3wDFiiXJYuTgatFmsryLvuUYKGy7eVR72zmQ9X4eLAJDuwNfjKjSjrKwsgXIhPBF5cW8K_P36wZwN0Rcy76UKipSXRkmzu0Ww/s899/Dr._Simon_Wiesenthal,_Bestanddeelnr.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="600" height="700" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijTO48pzfHGfKRa20fMS-2jLnznj1dIvZQLXj9uFH2v3rf2zlA3TFucLnW75Ssd-Jo0hRGMvcskWIVr42ovQRonmAvE3wDFiiXJYuTgatFmsryLvuUYKGy7eVR72zmQ9X4eLAJDuwNfjKjSjrKwsgXIhPBF5cW8K_P36wZwN0Rcy76UKipSXRkmzu0Ww/w470-h700/Dr._Simon_Wiesenthal,_Bestanddeelnr.jpg" width="470" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal" target="_blank">Simon Wiesenthal</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table>The famed Nazi hunter <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal" target="_blank">Simon Wiesenthal </a></b>was born in 1908 in Buchach, Ukraine. During the Holocaust he was imprisoned in five Nazi concentration camps. After surviving the Holocaust, he dedicated his life to bringing Nazi criminals to justice and to educating future generations about the Holocaust.</div><div><br />In the days after his liberation from Mauthausen concentration camp, <a href="https://wordpress-735451-2736722.cloudwaysapps.com/48944501/" target="_blank">Wiesenthal</a> handed American prosecutors a list of Nazis and offered his personal testimony to their crimes. In 1960 Weisenthal, his wife Cyla, and their daughter Paulinka set up the Jewish Documentation Center in Vienna. Working out of a tiny office with little help, they scoured telephone directories to locate Nazi war criminals. Their efforts led to the 1963 arrest of Karl Silberhauer, who helped arrest Anne Frank and her family, Franz Stangl, the commandant of Treblinka and Sobibor death camps, and many others. In 1977, the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles carried forward his vision; it is a global Jewish human rights center that researches the Holocaust and educates people about its horrors.<br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Selman Waksman</span></b></div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="566" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_3e74c90561e65cdb-3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="504" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" target="_blank">Selman Waksman</a></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table>Born in 1888 in Kiev, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" target="_blank"><b>Selman Waksman</b></a> became one of the world’s most foremost biochemists. He not only discovered many antibiotics, he coined the term as it’s used today. A teacher at Rutgers University for 40 years, Dr. Waksman was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1952. He’s credited with developing over a dozen antibiotics, including those that treat tuberculosis. He used the proceeded of his Nobel Prize to fund the Waksman Institute of Microbiology at Rutgers to continue research.</div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Vladimir Horowitz</span></b></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="385" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_c85a020448fc7d28-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="526" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank"><i>Vladimir Horowitz</i></a></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div>One of the greatest pianists of the 20th century, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" target="_blank"><b>Vladimir Horowitz</b></a> was born in 1903 in Kyiv. He redefined many of the most famous pieces of classical music, interpreting standards by Chopin, Brahms, Liszt, Rachmaninoff and Tchaikovsky using his prodigious talent and flamboyant style. Horowitz used to say he wanted to continually evolve as an artist, and “grow until I die.”<div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Sholom Aleichem</span></b><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="609" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_399b52a9eab0fa61.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="522" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sholem_Aleichem" target="_blank">Sholom Aleichem</a></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sholem_Aleichem" target="_blank"><b>Sholom Aleichem</b></a> (which means the traditional Hebrew greeting “Peace to you”) was the pen name of Sholom Rabinovitsch. He was born in 1859 in the Ukrainian town of Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky. Though he originally wrote in Hebrew and Russian, Sholom Aleichem later began to write exclusively in Yiddish.<br /><br />His first Yiddish story appeared in 1883, and he went on to publish more than 40 Yiddish books, including plays, short stories and full-length novels. His stories of <i>Tevya the milkman</i> formed the basis of the 1964 musical <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" target="_blank">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i>. A wealthy man, Sholom Aleichem used his personal fortune to underwrite Yiddish publishing and support struggling Yiddish authors.<div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Mila Kunis</span></b></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="422" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_c0a7687f1b586fdd.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="563" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mila_Kunis" target="_blank"><i>Mila Kunis</i></a></td></tr></tbody></table>The actress <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mila_Kunis" target="_blank">Milena Markovna "Mila" Kunis</a></b><b style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </b>was born in Chernivtsi, Ukraine in 1983 and immigrated to the United States when she was seven years old. Despite the fact that her husband Ashton Kutcher isn’t Jewish, Mila has been open about the fact that her family, including her two children, Wyatt and Dimitri, celebrate Shabbat. “We do Shabbat at our house,” she’s told reporters. When her daughter Wyatt was young, she used to wake up excited every Friday morning, looking forward to the family’s Friday night Shabbat dinner.</div><div><br />“I love the idea of - regardless of where we are in the world, regardless of what we’re doing, on Friday night, we take a minute to just acknowledge one another, to acknowledge our children; to acknowledge our family, say I love you… And that’s how I look at Shabbat,” she’s explained.<br /><br />Mila led a moment of silence in solidarity with Ukraine at the Oscars ceremony this year, and she and her husband have been publicly thanked by Ukrainian President Zelensky for helping Ukraine in its hour of need.<br /><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Jan Koum</span></b></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="446" src="https://f6h6i8w5.stackpathcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/11-Famous-Ukrainian-Jews_htm_87fab56f19a8b449-1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="532" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px; text-align: start;"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Koum" target="_blank">Jan Koum</a></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table>The <a href="https://wordpress-735451-2736722.cloudwaysapps.com/whatsapp-and-the-joy-of-adar/" target="_blank">billionaire founder of <i>WhatsApp</i></a> was born in Kyiv in 1976. After the fall of Communism, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Koum" target="_blank"><b>Jan</b></a> and his mother moved to California, but life was far from easy in their new home. His father remained behind in Ukraine, and soon after moving to America, Jan’s mother became ill with cancer. Jan worked as a janitor while he was still a teenager, and he and his mother struggled to make ends meet with the help of food stamps and public housing.<br /><br />Jan taught himself programming and worked for <i>Ernst and Young</i> and <i>Yahoo</i>. He got the idea for <i>WhatsApp</i>, a free telephone and messaging system, from his own experiences as a teenager, when he found it prohibitively expensive to call relatives. Jan teamed up with friends and fellow programmers and launched <i>WhatsApp Inc.</i> in 2009. The business’ first headquarters was the very building in Mountain View, California, where Jan used to go to collect his family’s food stamps.<br /><br />The company hit many roadblocks. Jan and his partners persevered and ironed out many of the kinks in their business model. In 2014, Facebook bought <i>WhatsApp</i> for $19 billion. Since selling <i>WhatsApp</i>, Jan has founded <i>The Koum Family Foundation</i>, which gives grants to higher education, as well as to Jewish and Israeli charitable causes.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-wo6VBO8cLICcPsNDt6NRVI7O946YYhHch_w3N0NeFel4Bhp2NSN7-MKGz70J53800hkstPP7YzTSR4TfjTEi3hjESvqFOHGMl_D2T0s2YEALg4vIq7BRsScwsSTYxSbpJq1bSBpEKvjtZTJmxNQyCM3rO62P8NHBaB1RZ0RTcDVGyGFaIrCa-S5H4w/s1200/ukraine-with-israel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1200" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-wo6VBO8cLICcPsNDt6NRVI7O946YYhHch_w3N0NeFel4Bhp2NSN7-MKGz70J53800hkstPP7YzTSR4TfjTEi3hjESvqFOHGMl_D2T0s2YEALg4vIq7BRsScwsSTYxSbpJq1bSBpEKvjtZTJmxNQyCM3rO62P8NHBaB1RZ0RTcDVGyGFaIrCa-S5H4w/w537-h302/ukraine-with-israel.jpg" width="537" /></a></div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><p class="author-info-head" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: "Roboto Condensed"; font-size: 25px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px;">The Author of this article:</p><div class="auth-info-head-wrap" style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; display: flex; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px; gap: 12px; margin-top: 10px;"><img class="bio-pic" src="https://aish.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Yvette-Alt-Miller1.jpg" style="border-radius: 50%; border-style: none; box-sizing: inherit; height: 40px; object-fit: cover; width: 40px;" /><p class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2;">Dr. Yvette Alt Miller</p></div><div class="auth-bio" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 18px;"><p style="box-sizing: inherit;">Dr. Alt Miller lives with her family in Chicago, and has lectured internationally on Jewish topics. Her book <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Angels at the table: a Practical Guide to Celebrating Shabbat</em> takes readers through the rituals of Shabbat and more, explaining the full beautiful spectrum of Jewish traditions with warmth and humor. It has been praised as "life-changing", a modern classic, and used in classes and discussion groups around the world.</p></div></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-84853096566641745252022-11-26T18:05:00.006+00:002022-11-27T16:38:44.234+00:00G'DAY MATE! I'M AN AUSSIE JEW<p><i>Having lived in Oz for 15 years, between Brisbane and Sydney, I really appreciated this article (<a href="https://aish.com/" target="_blank">Aish.com</a>, November 2022) by Australian </i><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center;"><a href="https://aish.com/authors/48867722" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;">Rabbi Mordechai Becher</a>:</span></p><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Jews of Oz: A History of the Australian Jewish Community</span></b><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-weight: bold; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8GpNgW6CYZCVS2nhmOQfKEAIQBQGDTMtchSYmolKKQ4teRHH5qzB3cyO_nPbqYz_so9Fpn4oZWJpaljqT2e3ubVt9lU7nYNew6GeYiNj-cEjTxt43-frls7TFTmtpKMMVkBeN3Pk5c2vgb1kTlP1v8y9WkP0prlIiLTZkDYk7SAWP0PffRN_k6PMJGg/s730/jews-of-oz.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="730" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8GpNgW6CYZCVS2nhmOQfKEAIQBQGDTMtchSYmolKKQ4teRHH5qzB3cyO_nPbqYz_so9Fpn4oZWJpaljqT2e3ubVt9lU7nYNew6GeYiNj-cEjTxt43-frls7TFTmtpKMMVkBeN3Pk5c2vgb1kTlP1v8y9WkP0prlIiLTZkDYk7SAWP0PffRN_k6PMJGg/w514-h289/jews-of-oz.jpg" width="514" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;">Rabbi Mordechai Becher and Australia's Map</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">How did Jews get to Australia?</span></b><br /><br />I was born and raised in Melbourne, Australia and have an affinity for all things Australian, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegemite" target="_blank">Vegemite</a>. I cannot help feeling that when the prophet Ezekiel said that Jews were dispersed and scattered among the nations, that he had Australia in mind. Isaiah predicted that the Jewish people would be exiled “to far off islands, which have not heard my fame, nor have they seen my glory…”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">1</span> and are there very many farther islands from Israel than Australia?<br /><br />How did Jews get to Australia?<br /><br />Basically, there have been five “waves” of immigration that have planted the seeds of the Australian Jewish community. Originally, England began to send convicts to Australia in the 18th century. Some of these convicts were violent criminals, many however were convicted of petty theft and minor crimes, which, in the British justice system were liable to a death sentence. Britain wanted to settle and colonize Australia and hence often commuted the death sentence and replaced it with transportation to Australia.</div><div><br />Basically, there have been five “waves” of immigration that have planted the seeds of the Australian Jewish community. Originally, England began to send convicts to Australia in the 18th century. Some of these convicts were violent criminals, many however were convicted of petty theft and minor crimes, which, in the British justice system were liable to a death sentence. Britain wanted to settle and colonize Australia and hence often commuted the death sentence and replaced it with transportation to Australia.<br /><br />It is believed that on the First Fleet of convicts sent to Australia in 1788 there were possibly seven Jews. There are records of some of the Jewish convicts. In Hodgson’s <i>Old Bailey Shorthand Reports</i> there is a record of a certain Ikey Bull, or Isaac Simmonds, a Jew accused of violent assault and robbery. He was sentenced to death at age 32, but the hanging was unsuccessful, and he survived only to be sentenced to transportation to Australia.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLOeinnyu7ShD4p6EEBO4UmCiQsPmYQ2ooleMuqwts_WMyaJgFfuUMSDIxWVu7XWHs1CZ6IUr7B9ahWdP3ABK0CGh35SoGF2nEiTQ5XkG5LW5IOZvSzvMJ6s8rsoqTXKId4Adknwbxg3QDt5Tjrphjkn0OOdKjkY7uTPkA3QcaXkTPIwAc3OrsK1_Gpg/s730/Australia-002.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="555" data-original-width="730" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLOeinnyu7ShD4p6EEBO4UmCiQsPmYQ2ooleMuqwts_WMyaJgFfuUMSDIxWVu7XWHs1CZ6IUr7B9ahWdP3ABK0CGh35SoGF2nEiTQ5XkG5LW5IOZvSzvMJ6s8rsoqTXKId4Adknwbxg3QDt5Tjrphjkn0OOdKjkY7uTPkA3QcaXkTPIwAc3OrsK1_Gpg/w501-h381/Australia-002.jpg" width="501" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic;">First Fleet of convicts, mezzotint print published by Carrington Bowles</span></td></tr></tbody></table>In the records of the London <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_din" target="_blank">Beth Din</a> (Rabbinical Courts)<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">2</span> there are numerous cases of women and men asking for divorce from a spouse who was sentenced to transportation.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">3</span> One entry<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">4</span> records the divorce of the transportee Joseph Stakilman and his wife Judith/Harriet at “Sheerness on the seacoast and the River Medway.” Most convicts who finished their sentence stayed in Australia and became free settlers. Interestingly, there was little or no discrimination against them either because of their criminal record or their religion. These freed convicts became businesspeople, politicians and respected members of society.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">5</span><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyaT7BTO-2pz-DzMkDan1o6IYJkC3aeMbiO4_glud-T_mGU5K3s3IItc2LsGbP7oZdo-hbWUxBtbXP5gwyfvikJ9Sxix2KraFMDkwAWa91kyR7nLYEWIMEViAb5ixxa66vo0eCIE2PfQiQHSh0EXDlQ5K46kY1hbEvNdxWyvDn-Uhn0I3SV0WApq4p-Q/s730/Australia-Hobart_Synagogue.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="489" data-original-width="730" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyaT7BTO-2pz-DzMkDan1o6IYJkC3aeMbiO4_glud-T_mGU5K3s3IItc2LsGbP7oZdo-hbWUxBtbXP5gwyfvikJ9Sxix2KraFMDkwAWa91kyR7nLYEWIMEViAb5ixxa66vo0eCIE2PfQiQHSh0EXDlQ5K46kY1hbEvNdxWyvDn-Uhn0I3SV0WApq4p-Q/w516-h346/Australia-Hobart_Synagogue.jpg" width="516" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic;">The Hobart Synagogue</span></td></tr></tbody></table>The oldest synagogue in Australia was built in 1845 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobart" target="_blank">Hobart, Tasmania</a> and has a fascinating history involving Jewish convicts. When the synagogue was completed, the government issued an instruction that “all prisoners of the Jewish persuasion” not actually under a sentence would have leave to refrain from work and attend services on the Sabbath. The Hobart Town congregation made provision for the convicts to receive two free Sabbath meals. It also sent an enquiry to the Chief Rabbi in London asking whether convicts could be counted as members of a minyan, and whether they could be called to the Torah. The responses were affirmative to the first question, and negative to the second.<br /><br />#The Hobart synagogue is believed to be the only place of Jewish worship in the world with seats set aside for convicts.<br /><br />The numbered benches originally at the back of the synagogue were for the use of convicts and the poor. The Hobart synagogue is thus believed to be the only place of Jewish worship in the world with seats set aside for convicts.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">6</span></div><div><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">John Monash and the Second Wave<br /><br /></span></b></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; float: right; font-family: Roboto; font-size: smaller; font-style: oblique; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 300px; text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" src="https://aish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Australia-002_htm_adbeb49d6977abe5.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: inherit; width: 300px;" />Sir John Monash during the First World War</p><div>The second wave of immigration in the 18th and 19th centuries was a continuation of transportees but also included many free settlers who came to Australia from England and Europe in search of economic opportunity. One famous scion of 19th immigration was Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Monash" target="_blank">John Monash</a>. His parents arrived in Australia from Posen, Prussia in 1863 and he was born in Melbourne in 1865. Monash celebrated his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" target="_blank">Bar Mitzvah</a> at the East Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, (where my parents, of blessed memory, were married) and went on to become an engineer and eventually joined the Australian army.<p style="box-sizing: inherit; clear: right; color: #363636; float: right; font-family: Roboto; font-size: smaller; font-style: oblique; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 300px; text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" src="https://aish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Australia-002_htm_7fc90b3ef71ca63b.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: inherit; width: 300px;" />The Great Synagogue of Sydney</p><div><br /></div>After various leadership positions during the First World War, in June 1918, he was promoted to lieutenant general and became commander of the Australian Corps, at the time the largest individual corps on the Western Front. Monash is considered to be one of the best Allied generals of the First World War and the most famous in Australian history and there is a university in Melbourne, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monash_University" target="_blank">Monash University</a>, named after him.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">7</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The Australian Gold Rush</b></span></div><div><br />The next phase of Jewish immigration came in the mid-19th century as a result of the Australian gold rush. Many Jews from Eastern Europe and England came to Australia at the time, but most were not miners or prospectors. Jews usually made their livelihood, and some their fortunes, by selling supplies to miners. In fact, Melbourne was one of the wealthiest Jewish communities in the world at that time, and today there are magnificent synagogues in Melbourne, Sydney and Ballarat, all built using the wealth of the gold rush.<br /><br />One of the most famous of the Jewish merchants was the Russian-born <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Myer" target="_blank">Simcha Baevski</a>, better known as Sydney Meyer. His retail career started as a hawker in the Victorian countryside, but shortly after the turn of the century he established a retail store. When that store prospered he opened another store in Melbourne, which eventually developed into the biggest department store in Australia. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myer" target="_blank">Meyer’s</a></i> is the Australian <i>Macy’s</i>, established by Simcha Baevski.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">8</span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">World War II</span></b><br /><br />Before, during and mostly after the Second World War was when the majority of Australia’s Jews arrived, From the 1930s until the 1950s Jewish refugees from Europe settled in Australia. Sydney was the prime destination for German and Hungarian Jews and Melbourne, for Polish and Russian Jews.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">9</span> One of these refugees, a Holocaust survivor, by the name of Mendel Glick, established a bakery, founded in the late 1960s in a small retail shop on Kooyong Road Caulfield. In its early days, the shop offered a selection of cakes and biscuits until Mr. Glick revived an old European recipe and method for boiled bagels. The product was an instant sensation and word quickly spread throughout the Jewish community. Local milk-bars and delis sought a piece of the action too.</div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh0G5EGh8Eit51gw02WuiDohF2K4_O4w9r9VrXtc6CUPqfx2gPN102kw7kcUMCUOLyUbfEj2WbO-P2ebjiibE2TVIh0CYH-vOHz90a4q72qGScwDvRmIXiFfGWwqvJXrgg1OkXwxEQWYWe5xWhu5nUEGQXdVNeRR07rxwnNSnKKGAK_nC1mZgk-MZcDA/s730/Australia-Mendel-Glick.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="419" data-original-width="730" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh0G5EGh8Eit51gw02WuiDohF2K4_O4w9r9VrXtc6CUPqfx2gPN102kw7kcUMCUOLyUbfEj2WbO-P2ebjiibE2TVIh0CYH-vOHz90a4q72qGScwDvRmIXiFfGWwqvJXrgg1OkXwxEQWYWe5xWhu5nUEGQXdVNeRR07rxwnNSnKKGAK_nC1mZgk-MZcDA/w492-h283/Australia-Mendel-Glick.jpg" width="492" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic;">Mendel Glick</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: left;">Many shopkeepers recognized the bagel’s appeal, particularly with the development of Sunday trading. The Glick’s bagel began to replace other bread items in many homes and Melbourne eateries and is now a popular food item, with branches of <i>Glick’s Bagels</i> throughout Australia.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">10</span></div><br />One of the most fascinating stories of Australia’s Jews is that of the <a href="https://aish.com/saving-duneras-jews-tales-of-the-sea/">Dunera</a>. During the Second World War Jewish refugees from Germany who escaped to England were arrested as “enemy aliens” and many were deported to internment camps in Australia. On 10 July 1940, 2542 detainees were embarked aboard the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMT_Dunera" target="_blank">Hired Military Transport (HMT) <i>Dunera</i></a> at Liverpool bound for Australia.<div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOPSxZGtvtLbAzLRRDibfKkcX3ULd-j8ylt6e2mMavXajR7JIDLk8gopjWEyXYmDhskJt4xGmtzYvZH0mHWcNxvonZ-U_TiavL1hGeswQuDNnAZT3YRaEfRLTBHdQeUz0Vm7fKapXHlPewELKrC4lbyAlBoWfWE7WQ1jvbaK79uNuyEn5ccdGCgWOEAA/s730/Australia-Dunera.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="730" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOPSxZGtvtLbAzLRRDibfKkcX3ULd-j8ylt6e2mMavXajR7JIDLk8gopjWEyXYmDhskJt4xGmtzYvZH0mHWcNxvonZ-U_TiavL1hGeswQuDNnAZT3YRaEfRLTBHdQeUz0Vm7fKapXHlPewELKrC4lbyAlBoWfWE7WQ1jvbaK79uNuyEn5ccdGCgWOEAA/w524-h393/Australia-Dunera.jpg" width="524" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic;">The Dunera</span></td></tr></tbody></table>Among the group were 450 German and Italian prisoners of war and a few dozen fascist sympathizers, but the vast majority of the deportees were anti-fascist and two-thirds were Jewish.<br /><br />The treatment of internees on board the transport was appalling. The 309 poorly trained and led soldiers on guard stole possessions and documents, many of which were thrown overboard. Internees were allowed above decks into the fresh air for only 30 minutes a day. With only 10 toilets for more than 2500 men, human waste flowed across the decks.<br /><br />Internees were beaten and verbally abused. Klaus Wilcynski recalls that soldiers smashed beer bottles on the deck and forced the internees to walk across the broken glass barefoot.<br /><br />Their treatment was so poor that the British Government eventually agreed to pay £35,000 in compensation to the group. Three of the guards, including officer-in-charge Lieutenant-Colonel William Scott, were court martialed.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">11</span><br /><p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; float: right; font-family: Roboto; font-size: smaller; font-style: oblique; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 300px; text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" src="https://aish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Australia-002_htm_fd3565c750a4da2d.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: inherit; width: 300px;" />Franz Stampfl</p><br />A German submarine commander, captain of the U-56, Oberleutnant Harms, describes firing two torpedoes at the <i>Dunera</i>, one missing, the other failing to explode. Many of the Jews deported to Australia remained there and became citizens. Among those on the <i>Dunera </i>were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Stampfl" target="_blank">Franz Stampfl</a>, who helped coach the athlete <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bannister" target="_blank">Roger Bannister</a> to the world's first sub-four-minute mile and Anton Walter Freud, grandson of psychoanalyst <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" target="_blank">Sigmund Freud</a>.<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">12</span> Another became a Talmud instructor in Yeshiva College, the Chabad high school in Melbourne that I attended.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Jewish Australia Celebrities</span></b><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">T</span></span>wo of Australia’s governor generals, the British sovereign’s highest representative in Australia have been Jewish: Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" target="_blank">Isaac Alfred Isaacs</a> and Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelman_Cowen" target="_blank">Zelman Cowen</a>. The treasurer of the previous government in Australia was a traditional Jew, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Frydenberg" target="_blank">Joshua Frydenberg</a>, who took his oath of office on a Jewish Bible, wearing a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" target="_blank">yarmulka</a>.<br /><br />Today, there are synagogues, Jewish day schools, kosher restaurants, bakeries and supermarkets, advanced Talmudic academies, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshiva" target="_blank">Yeshivas</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollel" target="_blank">Kollels</a> in Melbourne and Sydney, and one can encounter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtreimel" target="_blank">shtreimel</a>-wearing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasid" target="_blank">Chassidim</a> with broad Australian accents. The Jewish community of Australia numbers about 112,000 and is only about 0.4% of the total Australian population. Australia’s Jews include Rabbi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Solomon" target="_blank">Marcus Solomon</a> of Perth, who is an Australian Supreme Court justice; and Australia’s eighth casualty in Afghanistan, Gregory Michael Sher, a Jewish private in the 1st Commando Regiment, Australian Special Operations Command. The grandfather of the famous Australian singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" target="_blank">Olivia Newton-John</a> was Jewish, and the singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Reddy" target="_blank">Helen Reddy</a>, famous for her song, “I am Woman” was a convert to Judaism, as is the Pulitzer Prize-winning Australian author <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldine_Brooks_(writer)" target="_blank">Geraldine Brooks</a>. Sorry, Russell Crowe, despite our incredible similarities, is not Jewish. Neither is Nicolle Kidman.</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; float: right; font-family: Roboto; font-size: smaller; font-style: oblique; margin-left: 10px; max-width: 300px; text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" src="https://aish.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Australia-002_htm_bfb22eb043a7903f.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: inherit; width: 300px;" /></p><div>One of the wealthiest Australians, and a great philanthropist, is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gutnick" target="_blank">Joseph Gutnick</a>, known as “Diamond Joe,” who made a fortune by investing in mining and minerals on the advice of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Schneerson" target="_blank">Menachem Mendel Schneerson</a>. Joseph Gutnick is an ordained Rabbi, his father and uncle were Rabbis of two of the largest synagogues in Melbourne, his brothers (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordechai_Gutnick" target="_blank">Mordechai Gutnick</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Gutnick" target="_blank">Moshe Gutnick</a>), cousins and nephews are also Rabbis in Australia.</div><p style="box-sizing: inherit;">In addition to an extensive network of synagogues, schools, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabad" target="_blank">Chabad</a> houses, Chabad has something unique to Australia: <i>Chabad of RARA, Rural and Regional Australia</i>. It consists of two dedicated young men who traverse the outback and the countryside in a camper van, contacting Jews scattered throughout the vast continent.</p>Although by all accounts the Australian Jewish community is one of the most isolated and distant communities in the world, it is nevertheless, culturally, spiritually and historically firmly connected to Jews, Judaism and Jewish history. It is a testimony to the vibrancy, passion and depth of Jewish tradition that has kept the Australian Jewish heart beating. Convicts, gold miners, peddlers and refugees became artists, soldiers, politicians, businesspeople and intellectuals and turned, in Isaiah’s words, “the far-off island” into the Southern Chosen.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBbemA7-HBYyL_MpByiA2w648G2A74oWodlfndTSO9zPIvC3whIEsdCRkS9a1ej0XPPBQrez345l_KtrFhj2NSP4_SOKM0LvY03w6eWr0oBiNbx8UpsCGkRq1-Bb7r3n7go4VFQfC-SbQq1MPYysLGRsvg-tnC5cDd6RFrRN5O63jLg855KYeDO4CtWA/s730/Australia-Chabad.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="730" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBbemA7-HBYyL_MpByiA2w648G2A74oWodlfndTSO9zPIvC3whIEsdCRkS9a1ej0XPPBQrez345l_KtrFhj2NSP4_SOKM0LvY03w6eWr0oBiNbx8UpsCGkRq1-Bb7r3n7go4VFQfC-SbQq1MPYysLGRsvg-tnC5cDd6RFrRN5O63jLg855KYeDO4CtWA/w471-h320/Australia-Chabad.jpg" width="471" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="text-align: start;">Chabad of RARA, washing the campervan</i></td></tr></tbody></table><div>_________________________<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">NOTES</span></b><br /><ol style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: smaller;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="Isaiah 66:19" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Isaiah.66.19?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Isaiah 66:19</a></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Brotherton Library, Leeds</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pfeffer, Jeremy I. <i>From One End of the Earth to the Other: The London Bet Din, 1805-1855, and the Australian Convict Transportees.</i> Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2008.</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Pinkas I, 35a</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Levi, John S., and G. F. J. Bergman. <i>Australian Genesis: Jewish Convicts and Settlers, 1788-1850.</i> Adelaide: Rigby, 1974.</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.hobartsynagogue.org/history">https://www.hobartsynagogue.org/history</a></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Rutland, Suzanne D. <i>Edge of the Diaspora: Two Centuries of Jewish Settlements in Australia</i>. Sydney, Australia: Collins, 1988</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Rutland, 1988</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Rubinstein, Hilary L. <i>Chosen</i>. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1987.</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.glicks.com.au/about_glicks/">https://www.glicks.com.au/about_glicks/</a></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/dunera-boys">https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/dunera-boys</a></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/10409026">https://www.bbc.com/news/10409026</a></li></ol></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-12142147918547368552022-11-25T20:59:00.000+00:002022-11-28T22:30:25.943+00:00FEEL THE LIGHT!<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i> I found this essay by <a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/" target="_blank"><b>Rabbi Jonathan Sacks</b></a> זצ״ל particularly beautiful and <b>enlightening</b>:</i></span><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><h1 class="rs-main__heading__title" dir="ltr" lang="en" style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 3.4rem; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.45; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-inline: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 900px;">How the Light Gets In</h1><div class="rs-main__heading__subtitle" style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 1.8rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline: auto; margin-top: -10px; max-width: 800px;"><p>ויצא</p></div><div class="rs-main__heading__category" style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 20px; text-transform: uppercase;"><a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/covenant-conversation/vayetse/" style="color: #662483; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s linear 0s, background-color 0.1s linear 0s;">VAYETSE</a> • <a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/covenant-conversation/5776/" style="color: #662483; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s linear 0s, background-color 0.1s linear 0s;">5776</a>, <a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/covenant-conversation/5783/" style="color: #662483; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s linear 0s, background-color 0.1s linear 0s;">5783</a></div></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiuW5CX6y6kNZo8_m2koRAmJSZKkM9YEjL4_DEBhyNHnAHT3-LBbVn5Q1LIxVrUUYgOLzL8zUXcOqivs_NnC4Wl-8-wAKiEdNKR4E7CTQAB4OqRboVhpKx6TFroomnPC_Lrbp-XW-e2f8XXMtetG2Y_Ln5p0s_jpECDLNDKZUApIQmQjGF5esUlyzpltA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="357" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiuW5CX6y6kNZo8_m2koRAmJSZKkM9YEjL4_DEBhyNHnAHT3-LBbVn5Q1LIxVrUUYgOLzL8zUXcOqivs_NnC4Wl-8-wAKiEdNKR4E7CTQAB4OqRboVhpKx6TFroomnPC_Lrbp-XW-e2f8XXMtetG2Y_Ln5p0s_jpECDLNDKZUApIQmQjGF5esUlyzpltA=w536-h357" width="536" /></a></div><br /><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 0px;">Why Jacob? That is the question we find ourselves asking repeatedly as we read the narratives of Genesis. Jacob is not what Noah was: righteous, perfect in his generations, one who walked with God. He did not, like Abraham, leave his land, his birthplace and his father’s house in response to a Divine call. He did not, like Isaac, offer himself up as a sacrifice. Nor did he have the burning sense of justice and willingness to intervene that we see in the vignettes of Moses’ early life. Yet we are defined for all time as the descendants of Jacob, the children of Israel. Hence the force of the question: Why Jacob?</p><p style="line-height: 1.75;"><span style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px;">The answer, it seems to me, is intimated in the beginning of this week’s parsha. Jacob was in the middle of a journey from one danger to another. He had left home because Esau had vowed to kill him when Isaac died. He was about to enter the household of his uncle Laban, which would itself present other dangers. Far from home, alone, he was at a point of maximum vulnerability. The sun set. Night fell. Jacob lay down to sleep, and then saw this majestic vision:</span><br /></p><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_YDB3Yeh3SsHt4CTJFjyQhAy6N_QEK4lAeEPqrXZj08tUYj_HX1OxGjosiGWlT3fWh2AdtKCfPJAZ-7rVHVNaT5q8vUBFLuD3TZliJpToHzOtWZsNMpCINOFPRVNUZzAwsMLBOyb6vLXBXwDA5uzxtZv15ouu6Fyi401iGJdkpe6z2hb7McDug-47UA/s406/ladder-dream-sunset-clouds-yaacov-yaakov-jacob-400x406.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="400" height="544" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_YDB3Yeh3SsHt4CTJFjyQhAy6N_QEK4lAeEPqrXZj08tUYj_HX1OxGjosiGWlT3fWh2AdtKCfPJAZ-7rVHVNaT5q8vUBFLuD3TZliJpToHzOtWZsNMpCINOFPRVNUZzAwsMLBOyb6vLXBXwDA5uzxtZv15ouu6Fyi401iGJdkpe6z2hb7McDug-47UA/w535-h544/ladder-dream-sunset-clouds-yaacov-yaakov-jacob-400x406.jpg" width="535" /></a></div></div><p></p><blockquote class="wp-block-quote" style="background-color: #f5f5f2; border-inline-start: 4px solid rgb(102, 36, 131); box-sizing: border-box; color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 40px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 15px 30px;"><p style="font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.75;">He dreamed: <em>– “Ve-hinei!” – </em>He saw a ladder set upon the ground, whose top reached the heavens. <em>– “Ve-hinei!” – </em>On it, angels of God went up and came down. <em>– “Ve-hinei!” – </em>The Lord stood over him there and said, “I am the Lord, the God of Abraham your father, and the God of Isaac. The land on which you lie I will give to you and your descendants. Your descendants shall be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west, the east, the north, and to the south. Through you and your descendants, all the families of the earth will be blessed. <em>– “Ve-hinei!” – </em>I am with you. I will protect you wherever you go, and I will bring you back to this land, for I will not leave you until I have done what I have spoken of to you.”<strong><sup></sup></strong></p><p style="font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.75;">Then Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “Truly, the Lord is in this place – and I did not know it!” He was afraid, and said, “How full of awe is this place! This is none other than the House of God, and this is the gate of the heavens.”</p><cite style="display: block; font-size: 1.4rem; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 1em 0px;">Gen. 28:12-17</cite></blockquote><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">Note the fourfold <em>ve-hinei</em>, in English “and look,” an expression of surprise. Nothing has prepared Jacob for this encounter, a point emphasised in his own words when he says, “the Lord is in this place – and I did not know it.” The very verb used at the beginning of the passage, “He came upon a place,” in Hebrew <em>vayifga ba-makom</em>, also means an unexpected encounter. Later, in rabbinic Hebrew, the word <em>ha-Makom</em>, “the Place,” came to mean “God.” Hence in a poetic way the phrase <em>vayifga ba-makom</em> could be read as, “Jacob happened on (had an unexpected encounter with) God.”</p></div><div><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">Add to this Jacob’s night-time wrestling match with the angel in next week’s parsha and we have an answer to our question. <em>Jacob is the man who has his deepest spiritual experiences alone, at night, in the face of danger and far from home</em>. He is the man who meets God when he least expects to, when his mind is on other things, when he is in a state of fear and possibly on the brink of despair. Jacob is the man who, in liminal space, in the middle of the journey, discovers that “Surely the Lord is in this place – and I did not know it!”</p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">Jacob thus became the father of the people who had their closest encounter with God in what Moses was later to describe as “the howling wasteland of a wilderness” (Deut. 32:10). Uniquely, Jews survived a whole series of exiles, and though at first they said, “How can we sing the Lord’s song in a strange land?” they discovered that the Shekhinah, the Divine presence, was still with them. Though they had lost everything else, they had not lost contact with God. They could still discover that “the Lord is in this place – and I did not know it!”</p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">Abraham gave Jews the courage to challenge the idols of the age. Isaac gave them the capacity for self-sacrifice. Moses taught them to be passionate fighters for justice. But Jacob gave them the knowledge that precisely when you feel most alone, God is still with you, giving you the courage to hope and the strength to dream.</p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">The man who gave the most profound poetic expression to this was undoubtedly David in the book of Psalms. Time and again he calls to God from the heart of darkness, afflicted, alone, pained, afraid:</p><blockquote class="wp-block-quote" style="background-color: #f5f5f2; border-inline-start: 4px solid rgb(102, 36, 131); box-sizing: border-box; color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 40px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 15px 30px;"><p style="font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.75;">Save me, O God,<br />for the floodwaters are up to my neck.<br />Deeper and deeper I sink into the mire;<br />I can’t find a foothold.<br />I am in deep water,<br />and the floods overwhelm me.</p><cite style="display: block; font-size: 1.4rem; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 1em 0px;">Ps 69:2-3</cite></blockquote><blockquote class="wp-block-quote" style="background-color: #f5f5f2; border-inline-start: 4px solid rgb(102, 36, 131); box-sizing: border-box; color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 40px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 15px 30px;"><p style="font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 1.75;">From the depths, O Lord,<br />I call for your help.</p><cite style="display: block; font-size: 1.4rem; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.75; margin: 1em 0px;">Ps. 130:1</cite></blockquote><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">Sometimes our deepest spiritual experiences come when we least expect them, when we are closest to despair. It is then that the masks we wear are stripped away. We are at our point of maximum vulnerability – and it is when we are most fully open to God that God is most fully open to us. “The Lord is close to the broken-hearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit” (Ps.34:18). “My sacrifice, O God, is a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart You, God, will not despise”(Ps. 51:17). God “heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds” (Ps. 147:3).</p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Rav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachman_of_Breslov" target="_blank">Nahman of Bratslav</a> used to say; “A person needs to cry to his Father in heaven with a powerful voice from the depths of his heart. Then God will listen to his voice and turn to his cry. And it may be that from this act itself, all doubts and obstacles that are keeping him back from true service of Hashem will fall from him and be completely nullified.”</span><a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/covenant-conversation/vayetse/how-the-light-gets-in/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color: #662483; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s linear 0s, background-color 0.1s linear 0s;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]</span></a></p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">We find God not only in holy or familiar places but also in the midst of a journey, alone at night. “Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil for You are with me.” The most profound of all spiritual experiences, the base of all others, is the knowledge that we are not alone. God is holding us by the hand, sheltering us, lifting us when we fall, forgiving us when we fail, healing the wounds in our soul through the power of His love.</p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75;">My late father of blessed memory was not a learned Jew. He did not have the chance to become one. He came to Britain as a child and a refugee. He had to leave school young, and besides, the possibilities of Jewish education in those days were limited. Merely surviving took up most of the family’s time. But I saw him walk tall as a Jew, unafraid, even defiant at times, because when he prayed or read the Psalms he felt intensely that God was with him. That simple faith gave him immense dignity and strength of mind.</p><p style="color: #272727; font-family: Merriweather, "Frank Ruhl Libre", serif; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">That was his heritage from Jacob, as it is ours. Though we may fall, we fall into the arms of God. Though others may lose faith in us, and though we may even lose faith in ourselves, God never loses faith in us. And though we may feel utterly alone, we are not. God is there, beside us, within us, urging us to stand and move on, for there is a task to do that we have not yet done and that we were created to fulfil. A singer of our time wrote, “There is a crack in everything. That’s how the light gets in.” The broken heart lets in the light of God, and becomes the gate of heaven.</span><a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/covenant-conversation/vayetse/how-the-light-gets-in/#_ftn2" style="color: #662483; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.1s linear 0s, background-color 0.1s linear 0s;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[2]</span></a></p><div><p style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQMKZt8bXTiiWNYNSRmfzl25KyCkwoWybxM9UtxAGydfsH6rUFXZIivBeP6FgRLR1ShV1CA3lZJuz1PcfhBuBOmwVAHMNuEUy_-OqkWmks_r4liZWVH5wdQRqzaq8aoo2BIuzaZ8Xn2G0-LGbM4ZeKDHArmmuq_pXgdkfFWYqXFSlEQd2_0-dZpv4i8w/s347/Rabbi_Sacks.png" style="clear: left; color: #f48d1d; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="320" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQMKZt8bXTiiWNYNSRmfzl25KyCkwoWybxM9UtxAGydfsH6rUFXZIivBeP6FgRLR1ShV1CA3lZJuz1PcfhBuBOmwVAHMNuEUy_-OqkWmks_r4liZWVH5wdQRqzaq8aoo2BIuzaZ8Xn2G0-LGbM4ZeKDHArmmuq_pXgdkfFWYqXFSlEQd2_0-dZpv4i8w/w143-h156/Rabbi_Sacks.png" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="143" /></a> </p><p style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b style="font-size: large;"><br /></b></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b style="font-size: large;">An article by <a href="https://www.rabbisacks.org/" style="color: #f48d1d; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Rabbi Jonathan Sacks</a></b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: large; text-align: -webkit-center;">זצ״ל</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i><br /></i></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i><br /></i></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i><br /></i></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i><br /></i></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i><br /></i></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #4e2800; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><span style="background-color: transparent;">_____________________________</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] Likkutei Maharan 2:46.<br />[2] <i>Anthem</i> by <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Leonard_Cohen_e_la_Cabala_ebraica" target="_blank">Leonard Cohen</a>.</span></div></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-24424581656725814292022-11-24T17:49:00.002+00:002022-11-24T17:49:47.234+00:00THE JEWS STARTED IT ALL!<blockquote><p> </p><h1 class="non-delete" id="pf-title" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(142, 142, 142); box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0.3rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">How the Jews Changed the World and We Don’t Even Know It...</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">by</span><span style="font-size: 24px;"> <span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://aish.com/authors/48866822" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;">Rabbi Ephraim Shore</a></span></span></h1><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4INzdDIfh1C1CW8BjTQMenn5F10MEYT_QJLbXq58EBZ5tlPN5ItMLP8fiknabIHF5S_8MuUV1nJzZ_4mb8Gh6v8wvebjoqMS25M4WkSpoJyfqPeTAAlD-WXS_vZk3FoI6ExVGpE_DqXiXzXYKtsi_SRGK-C_1Wq7PvOmK5bQamQzN3BXjqKKIjL_H5g/s910/Jews-Changed-the-World.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div></blockquote><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4INzdDIfh1C1CW8BjTQMenn5F10MEYT_QJLbXq58EBZ5tlPN5ItMLP8fiknabIHF5S_8MuUV1nJzZ_4mb8Gh6v8wvebjoqMS25M4WkSpoJyfqPeTAAlD-WXS_vZk3FoI6ExVGpE_DqXiXzXYKtsi_SRGK-C_1Wq7PvOmK5bQamQzN3BXjqKKIjL_H5g/s910/Jews-Changed-the-World.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="910" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4INzdDIfh1C1CW8BjTQMenn5F10MEYT_QJLbXq58EBZ5tlPN5ItMLP8fiknabIHF5S_8MuUV1nJzZ_4mb8Gh6v8wvebjoqMS25M4WkSpoJyfqPeTAAlD-WXS_vZk3FoI6ExVGpE_DqXiXzXYKtsi_SRGK-C_1Wq7PvOmK5bQamQzN3BXjqKKIjL_H5g/w494-h278/Jews-Changed-the-World.jpg" width="494" /></a></p><blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;">“The Jews started it all – and by "it" I mean so many of the things we care about, the underlying values that make all of us, Jew and gentile, believer and atheist, tick. Without the Jews, we would see the world through different eyes, hear with different ears, even feel with different feelings. And we would set a different course for our lives… Their worldview has become so much a part of us that at this point it might as well have been written into our cells as a genetic code.”</div><span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-size: x-small;">~ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cahill" target="_blank"><b>Thomas Cahill</b></a>, <i>The Gifts of the Jews</i></span><br /></blockquote>The number of fundamental ideas and values the Jewish People have given to the world is truly remarkable. And it’s also remarkable how most people don’t realize this.<br /><br />In the spirit of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" target="_blank">Thanksgiving</a>, let’s stop to appreciate some of the Jewish inventions taken for granted in our world:<br /><br /><b>1. Sabbath Day</b>: The Romans ridiculed the Jews for their idleness but we have none but the Jews to thank for our weekend. Until the Jewish invention of Sabbath, every day, every month, every year was the same. We introduced the concept of taking out time to focus on the higher things in life and enjoying being and not just doing. Christians adapted the Jewish Shabbat to Sunday in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.1<br /><br /><b>2. Peace on Earth:</b> In a world that revered the warrior above all others, survival of the fittest was the highest value. If you could get it, you took it. The cost in human life was irrelevant. Judaism introduced the altruistic concept that peace amongst men was preferable to my tribe’s enrichment.<br /><br />As the prophet Isaiah wrote, “The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them” (11:6).<br /><br />And “They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war anymore” (2:4).<br /><br /><b>3. Universal Literacy and Education</b>: In a world where literacy was a luxury enjoyed by the vast minority, the People of the Book taught that the pursuit of wisdom and learning was the highest pursuit and the right and obligation of every child and adult. No Jewish community existed without a school. Even the Greeks and Romans came nowhere near creating a written culture, 2 and the medieval world saw even greater drops in literacy. The Church, ancient Greece and the United States not only discouraged literacy for some (e.g. Blacks, slaves, non-clergy), but it took until 1918 for every US state to require students to complete elementary school. 3 It took India until 2009 to adopt what the Jewish nation has been practicing for 3,500 years.<br /><br /><b>4. Sabbatical Year:</b> The idea for academics and some professionals (20% of UK companies now have a career break policy, and many more joining the trend!) to take a year off every seven years to focus on academic advancement, comes directly from the Torah. Judaism requires every farmer to take the entire seventh year off from work to focus on studying, self-improvement and inspiration. One can imagine the impact of that intellectual focus on the entire nation.<br /><br /><b>5. Justice for All:</b> In a world where women, children, the poor, immigrants and other vulnerable members of society were systematically abused, the Jewish legal system was the first to protect the rights of the underdog and the helpless. As the Torah states, “You shall not wrong or oppress a foreigner, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. You shall not abuse the widow or orphan. If you do abuse them, when they cry out to me, I will surely heed their cry” (<a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="Exodus 22:21-23" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Exodus.22.21-23?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #008e75; font-family: Roboto; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Exodus 22:21-23</a>).<br /><br />Jewish law ensured that every man and woman has the right to a fair trial, is innocent before proven guilty, and allows for no prejudice towards the rich or powerful.<br /><br /><b>6. Monotheism:</b> Judaism revolutionized the concept of God; from a belief in multiple deities and idols that require our sacrifice (even humans), are created in the image of Man and can be bribed and manipulated, to recognizing the One Infinite, loving, altruistic Creator who is the unifying source of the entire universe, who needs nothing from mankind, and is equally available to every human being.<br /><br /><b>7. Infinite Value of Every Human Life:</b> In a world of human sacrifice, murder of children (particularly baby girls), and wanton war and killing to further material gains, Judaism taught that every life is holy, created in the image of God, and of infinite value – even the old, the mentally or physically handicapped and the sick. If you think that is obvious, consider the practice of human sacrifice that was central to most South American civilizations until the Spanish Christians conquered them just 500 years ago.<br /><br /><b>8. The Right to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness:</b> While the founding fathers of America may have found “these truths to be self-evident”, in fact it was far from self-evident unless you were highly influenced by Jewish values (otherwise the Declaration of Independence in 1776 would not have been so revolutionary!). Many societies up to modern times have sought to limit individuality in the name of service to the state or religion or feudal lord (Communism, Nazism, many religions and all totalitarian regimes). But 3,000 years before 1776, Judaism introduced to the world that every human has the right, and obligation, to aspire to reaching his/her goals, personal fulfilment and potential.<br /><br /><b>9. Limited Governmental Powers:</b> It took until the Magna Carta in medieval England for the first small limitations on the power of the ruler to be instituted. Until then despots of all kinds could and would take advantage of their citizens monetarily, militarily and judicially for their own gain. The king was omnipotent. The Torah was the first system to place limits on the powers of the monarch. His powers were overseen by an independent judicial branch of government (<i>Sanhedrin</i>/Supreme Court), thousands of years before the rest of the world was ready to adopt these ideas. And the Jewish king carried with him a Torah scroll, reminding him that he too is subjugated to all of its laws.<br /><br /><b>10. <i>Tzedaka</i> and Tikkun Olam:</b> In a world where the idea of giving away one’s property to others was seen as both bizarre and foolhardy, Judaism taught that we are obligated to donate 10-20% (tithe) of what we earn to make the world a better place. Judaism was trend-setting by millennium when it required us to lend money to our fellow man with no interest, to return lost objects, to refrain from verbal abuse and gossip, not to take revenge or bear a grudge, to protect animals from suffering, and to demand that we love every human being regardless of race, religion or color. "Love your neighbor as yourself" <span class="sefaria-ref-wrapper" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #363636; display: inline !important; font-family: Roboto;"><span class="sefaria-ref-wrapper" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline !important;">(<span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="Lev. 19:18" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Leviticus.19.18?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"></a></span></span><a aria-controls="sefaria-popup" class="sefaria-ref" data-ref="Lev. 19:18" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Leviticus.19.18?lang=he-en&utm_source=aish.com&utm_medium=sefaria_linker" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #00cea9; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Lev. 19:18</a></span><span style="color: #363636; font-family: Roboto;">)</span> was introduced 2,000 years before Christianity.<br /><br /><b>11. Sexism:</b> Judaism taught that men and women are equal in the eyes of God (in fact the first “Man” was not actually a man but an androgynous male/female being which was then separated into two). From the earliest times women have held important leadership positions in the Jewish world. Our matriarchs were considered even greater than their husbands in prophecy and other areas. Judaism forbade sexual harassment of any kind. Way ahead of its time, a woman’s rights to sexual and emotional intimacy were enshrined by the first Jewish marriage contracts (ketuba). Men are obligated to honor their wives even more than themselves. Women in Judaism enjoyed more rights than in most of Western civilization. For example, it took until 1900 for all US states to allow women to buy, sell and own property or to write her own will and contracts.<br /><br />Without the Jewish nation, the world as we know it would simply not exist. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Johnson_(writer)" target="_blank">Paul Johnson</a> summed it up beautifully: "To them (the Jews) we owe the idea of equality before the law, both divine and human; of the sanctity of life and the dignity of the human person; of the individual conscience and so of personal redemption; of the collective conscience and so of social responsibility; of peace as an abstract ideal and love as the foundation of justice, and many other items which constitute the basic moral furniture of the human mind. Without the Jews, it might have been a much emptier place."<br /><br />And while the world was busy absorbing Jewish inventions into their culture, they were simultaneously persecuting and not infrequently attempting to destroy us. How strange that one of humanity’s most positive contributors has been singled out for more hate than any other. Cahill observed this phenomenon: “Our history is replete with examples of those who have refused to see what the Jews are really about, who – through intellectual blindness, racial chauvinism, xenophobia, or just plain evil – have been unable to give this oddball tribe, this raggle-taggle band, this race of wanderers who are the progenitors of the Western world, their due.”<br /><br />This Thanksgiving, let’s follow the lead of American President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams" target="_blank">John Adams</a>, who said, "I will insist that the Hebrews have done more to civilize man than any other nation. If I were an atheist, and believed in blind eternal fate, I should still believe that chance had ordered the Jews to be the most essential instrument for civilizing the nations.”<div>_______________________</div><div><br /></div><div><b>NOTES</b>:<br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-small;">1. "Sabbath." Cross, F. L., ed. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005<br />2. <i>Ancient Literacy</i>, 1991 <a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/results-list.php?author=1992">William V. Harris</a><br />3. Graham, P.A. 1974). <i>Community and Class in American Education</i>, 1865–1918. New York: Wiley<br />4. Confederation of British Industry survey, 2005</span><br /></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-88510581258942723382022-11-23T20:36:00.000+00:002022-11-23T20:36:04.720+00:00KABBALAH ONLINE AT SEFARIA<p> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Kabbalah</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO2C-Psizb9YlrHolKBaVIQsTzB98XnQxwcO3uTwRLza476bC0iqjDBWxOOX_CdTFr1CSR_joEk2hKjkr05q2EhqfJhXEqpPUDFcvS66f7EDSIDL4B02JkftSolgzxbGJNDa5fPigCz0Xa1wPZ-TfAzQN86R5INRrQFXgPgum7WEBpNBlVXW3nRuBHYg/s1170/Dialogue-kabbalah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="1170" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO2C-Psizb9YlrHolKBaVIQsTzB98XnQxwcO3uTwRLza476bC0iqjDBWxOOX_CdTFr1CSR_joEk2hKjkr05q2EhqfJhXEqpPUDFcvS66f7EDSIDL4B02JkftSolgzxbGJNDa5fPigCz0Xa1wPZ-TfAzQN86R5INRrQFXgPgum7WEBpNBlVXW3nRuBHYg/w555-h313/Dialogue-kabbalah.jpg" width="555" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"><i>Kabbalah is the primary form of Jewish mysticism, with esoteric works ranging from ancient to contemporary that aim to shed light on God’s essence, the relationship between God’s eternality and the finite universe, and the inner meaning of the Torah. Central to Kabbalah is the notion that God created the world and interacts with it through ten sefirot, or emanated attributes, and that people can affect God’s actions by influencing the sefirot.</i></p><div class="navTitle"><i><b style="background-color: #ffe599;">Below all links to available works online </b><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">(in Hebrew/Aramaic and English if available)</span><b style="background-color: #ffe599;">:</b></i></div><div class="navTitle"><br /></div><div><div class="responsiveNBox"><div class="gridBox"><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" data-cat="Sefer Yetzirah" href="/texts/Kabbalah/Sefer Yetzirah"><span class="en" lang="en">Sefer Yetzirah</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Earliest extant Jewish mystical work describing how God used the Hebrew alphabet and numbers to create the world.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Hechalot_Rabbati"><span class="en" lang="en">Hechalot Rabbati</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Work describing the sage Rabbi Yishmael’s ascent to heavenly palaces and the angelic praises of God that he heard there.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Sefer_HaBahir"><span class="en" lang="en">Sefer HaBahir</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Collection of esoteric interpretations of biblical verses, among the first kabbalistic texts.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem placeholder"></div></div></div></div><div class="category"><h2><span class="en" lang="en">Zohar</span></h2><div><div class="responsiveNBox"><div class="gridBox"><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Baal_HaSulam's_Introduction_to_Zohar"><span class="en" lang="en">Baal HaSulam's Introduction to Zohar</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Accessible 20th-century introduction to the Zohar and kabbalah.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Idra_Zuta"><span class="en" lang="en">Idra Zuta</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">A kabbalistic work that describes Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai gathering a small group of students on the day of his death and revealing to them mystical secrets he had previously withheld.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Tikkunei_Zohar"><span class="en" lang="en">Tikkunei Zohar</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Independent work in the style of the Zohar consisting of 70 commentaries on the first word of the Torah.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Zohar"><span class="en" lang="en">Zohar</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Canonical text of kabbalah that emerged in 13th-century Spain, traditionally attributed to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Zohar_Chadash"><span class="en" lang="en"> Chadash</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">A collection of Zohar-related material found in manuscripts after the printing of the Zohar.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem placeholder"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category"><h2><span class="en" lang="en">Ramak</span></h2><div class="categoryDescription long sans-serif"><span class="en" lang="en">Works of Rabbi Moshe Cordovero, a leading 16th-century kabbalist from Tzfat and teacher of the Arizal.</span></div><div><div class="responsiveNBox"><div class="gridBox"><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Or_Neerav"><span class="en" lang="en">Or Neerav</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">16th-century Introductory work explaining the importance of kabbalah and detailing a path of study.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Pardes_Rimonim"><span class="en" lang="en">Pardes Rimonim</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Encyclopedic summary of early kabbalah composed in Tzfat, among the most influential kabbalistic works of its time.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category"><h2><span class="en" lang="en">Ramchal</span></h2><div class="categoryDescription long sans-serif"><span class="en" lang="en">Works of Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, known by his acronym, Ramchal, a prominent 18th-century Italian rabbi, kabbalist, and philosopher.</span></div><div><div class="responsiveNBox"><div class="gridBox"><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Assarah_Perakim_L'Ramchal"><span class="en" lang="en">Assarah Perakim L'Ramchal</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Summary of the teachings of the Arizal discussed in Sefer Etz Chaim, resolving contradictions.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Da'at_Tevunoth"><span class="en" lang="en">Da'at Tevunoth</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Dialogue between the intellect and the soul about the purpose of the world and humankind, in accessible language.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Derech_Etz_Chayim_(Ramchal)"><span class="en" lang="en">Derech Etz Chayim (Ramchal)</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Introduction to Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah based on Pri Etz Chaim, printed with Mesilat Yesharim.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Kalach_Pitchei_Chokhmah"><span class="en" lang="en">Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Systematic introduction to Lurianic Kabbalah, structured as 138 principles.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category"><h2><span class="en" lang="en">Arizal and Chaim Vital</span></h2><div class="categoryDescription long sans-serif"><span class="en" lang="en">Teachings of the 16th-century founder of modern Kabbalah, Rabbi Isaac Luria (known as the “Arizal”), as recorded by his students, most prominently Rabbi Chaim Vital.</span></div><div><div class="responsiveNBox"><div class="gridBox"><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Pri_Etz_Chaim"><span class="en" lang="en">Pri Etz Chaim</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Companion work to Sefer Etz Chaim dealing with intentions during prayer and performance of commandments.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Sefer_Etz_Chaim"><span class="en" lang="en">Sefer Etz Chaim</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Foundational anthology of Lurianic Kabbalah presenting its theology and its theory of the world’s creation.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Sha'ar_HaGilgulim"><span class="en" lang="en">Sha'ar HaGilgulim</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Exposition of the kabbalistic doctrine of reincarnation and other spiritual phenomena.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Shaarei_Kedusha"><span class="en" lang="en">Shaarei Kedusha</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Vital’s guide to living a holy life and attaining divine inspiration through character development.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category"><h2><span class="en" lang="en">Other Kabbalah Works</span></h2><div><div class="responsiveNBox"><div class="gridBox"><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Avodat_HaKodesh_(Gabbai)"><span class="en" lang="en">Avodat HaKodesh (Gabbai)</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">16th-century work discussing God’s unity, the purpose of creation and humankind, and esoteric aspects of the Torah.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Be'ur_Eser_S'firot"><span class="en" lang="en">Be'ur Eser S'firot</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Short 13th-century dialogue explaining the 10 sefirot (emanations or attributes of God).</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Chesed_LeAvraham"><span class="en" lang="en">Chesed LeAvraham</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">17th-century work on various topics by Rabbi Avraham Azulai.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Ma'arekhet_HaElokut"><span class="en" lang="en">Ma'arekhet HaElokut</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Treatise from 14th-century Spain covering fundamental theological issues of Kabbalah.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Maamar_Zohar_HaRakia"><span class="en" lang="en">Maamar Zohar HaRakia</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">20th-century work defending the antiquity of the Zohar and its attribution to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Maaseh_Rokeach_on_Mishnah"><span class="en" lang="en">Maaseh Rokeach on Mishnah</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">18th-century kabbalistic commentary on the Mishnah.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Maggid_Meisharim"><span class="en" lang="en">Maggid Meisharim</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">16th-century mystical diary of Rabbi Yosef Karo, author of the Shulchan Arukh, recording his conversations with a maggid, or spiritual being.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Megaleh_Amukot"><span class="en" lang="en">Megaleh Amukot</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">17th-century work with 252 explanations of Moses’ request to enter Israel in the Book of Deuteronomy.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Mitpachat_Sefarim"><span class="en" lang="en">Mitpachat Sefarim</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">18th-century polemical work against Sabbateanism disputing the authenticity of the Zohar as an ancient text.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Pri_Etz_Hadar"><span class="en" lang="en">Pri Etz Hadar</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">First extant work of instructions for a Tu Bishvat seder from an anonymous author in the 18th century.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Recanati_on_the_Torah"><span class="en" lang="en">Recanati on the Torah</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">13th-century commentary on the Torah; one of the first works to quote the Zohar.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Reshit_Chokhmah"><span class="en" lang="en">Reshit Chokhmah</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">16th-century work by Rabbi Eliyahu de Vidas that describes a method of meditation that combines visualization and permutation of Hebrew letters</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Sefer_HaKana"><span class="en" lang="en">Sefer HaKana</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Commentary on the commandments, traditionally attributed to the 2nd-century sage, Rabbi Nechunya ben HaKanah.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Shaarei_Orah"><span class="en" lang="en">Shaarei Orah</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">13th-century guide to the sefirot and the divine names, popular as an introduction to kabbalah.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Shaarei_Tzedek"><span class="en" lang="en">Shaarei Tzedek</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">13th-century work on the sefirot by the author of Shaarei Orah.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/Shuvi_Shuvi_HaShulamit"><span class="en" lang="en">Shuvi Shuvi HaShulamit</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">Early 20th-century introduction to kabbalistic concepts by Rabbi Yosef Chaim of Baghdad (known as the Ben Ish Chai).</span></div></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxRow" style="gap: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/The_Beginning_of_Wisdom"><span class="en" lang="en">The Beginning of Wisdom</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">19th-century introduction to kabbalistic thought.</span></div></div></div><div class="gridBoxItem"><div class="navBlock"><a class="navBlockTitle" href="/The_Wars_of_God"><span class="en" lang="en">The Wars of God</span></a><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en">20th-century work challenging the authenticity of the Zohar and claiming that Kabbalah is a form of idolatry.</span></div><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en"><br /></span></div><div class="navBlockDescription"><span class="en" lang="en"><b><i style="background-color: #ffe599;">...And check out what else is available at <a href="https://www.sefaria.org/texts" target="_blank">SEFARIA</a></i></b>.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-71700818001500147142022-11-22T17:01:00.002+00:002022-11-22T17:01:37.508+00:00TORAH TODAY<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0yPD_WQelH7eR3mwLVDTngaiZGIFp7sQeSbN3PQ4EH7GGzi8mi4nLJobqnnxRS72MtU9Q0xmtQhDZTTu-g2vPuidbrjHk5EhQn860zvw9beZ7RFN_KJzhIpKPsY1ozlGi7WWTTwGTDum6O-qdphmBzVlVHQcZNVGygrut7FOtUAS93_z49oym0PEnZw/s1000/benefits-torah-academic.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="662" data-original-width="1000" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0yPD_WQelH7eR3mwLVDTngaiZGIFp7sQeSbN3PQ4EH7GGzi8mi4nLJobqnnxRS72MtU9Q0xmtQhDZTTu-g2vPuidbrjHk5EhQn860zvw9beZ7RFN_KJzhIpKPsY1ozlGi7WWTTwGTDum6O-qdphmBzVlVHQcZNVGygrut7FOtUAS93_z49oym0PEnZw/w495-h328/benefits-torah-academic.jpeg" width="495" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">The Benefits of Studying Torah with <br />Modern Biblical Scholarship</b></div><p></p><div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;">Modern biblical scholarship is often perceived as presenting challenges to traditional Judaism—however, it offers significant benefits. The following are some contemporary Jewish perspectives.</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /></div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Bringing Us Closer to Torah<br /></span></b></div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;">“Paradoxically, anyone brave enough to acknowledge the vast distance that exists between the Bible and ourselves makes him- or herself available to feel closer to it”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[1]</span></div>— Yair Zakovitch<div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather, Sbl hebrew, serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><br /></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Recapturing the Original Spirit of Torah</span></b><br />“The pursuit of the peshat [contextual interpretation] can be an essential element in recapturing the religious spirit and function of the Torah”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[2]</span><br />— Stephen Garfinkel</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Empowering Judaism</span></b><br />“The past and tradition generally and the Bible especially have been, and continue to be, used to wield power, displacing rigorous, open debate by the discourse of authority. At worst, they serve as a receptacle of current ideas then held aloft as subjugating.</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /></div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;">The production of knowledge through the study of the ancient world— primarily its texts and paradigmatically for Western civilization the Bible—aims first to open up a self critical distance between ourselves with our ideas and the past, then to bridge that distance with pan-human thoughtfulness. Through critical study of the Bible and ancient Israel we can replace an immobilizing discourse of identification by a more supple one of descent or even analogy.</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br />To recognize such distance allows us to take ownership of our ideas, to be held accountable for our actions, and to open ourselves up to improvement. To put it in ironic biblical terms: Critical study of the Bible keeps the Bible from becoming a form of idolatry.”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[3]</span><br />— Simeon Chavel</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Fulfilling the Imperative of Intellectual Understanding</span></b><br />“What... is the secret of the peshat’s steadfast hold over the great Bible commentators from Rav <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" target="_blank">Saadia Gaon</a> to Rabbi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Abarbanel" target="_blank">Isaac Abravanel</a>, and upon us their distant disciples, today? It would seem that the answer lies in the main in a basically positive valuation of human intelligence as an instrument for knowing the world and for understanding the Torah.</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br />Rabbi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Ezra" target="_blank">Abraham ibn Ezra</a> gave this intellectual position a distinctively religious expression when he asserted that ‘the angel between man and his God is his reason’ (Introduction to his regular <i>Commentary to the Torah, The Third Way</i>); and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maimonides" target="_blank">Rambam</a> maintained that the obligation for serious consideration of sensory perception and reason is called for by human nature: ‘Never should a man throw his knowledge behind him, for his eyes are in front and not in the back!’ (<i>Letter on Astrology</i>).<br />Intelligence is a divine quality implanted in man from above; it is that which makes the one created in God’s image superior to an animal; and that is why it is forbidden to be afraid of it, to disparage it, or to neglect it.”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[4]</span><br />— Uriel Simon</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Discovering Diversity and Learning Tolerance</span></b><br />“The Bible preserves, within itself, contradictory conceptions of great depth and uniqueness concerning such profound issues as humanity’s place in the universe, the origin of and meaning of evil, the purpose of reward and punishment, the role of free will and predestination in human affairs, the nature of the covenant, the character of worship, the function of the sanctuary, and the role of the political leader in the redemptive future of Israel. ...</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br />We should not try and blur these disputes in order to achieve an artificial unity and harmony. Rather we should enjoy the richness and complexity of the divine symphony that these different viewpoints and voices create in the Bible. One of the major problems of our time is religious intolerance. A deep recognition and study of the different voices of the Bible, and of the many ideas that it inspired in the development of Judaism, may help to bring about an atmosphere of diversity and tolerance.”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[5]</span><br />— Israel Knohl</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Highlighting the Centrality of Serving God</span></b><br />“Biblical scholarship teaches us something of enormous spiritual value: it allows us to see the way that the ideal of avodat Hashem emerged as the core idea of Scripture and indeed of Judaism”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[6]</span><br />— Jon A. Levisohn</div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><br /><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Refocusing on God</span></b><br />“Biblical Scholarship provides a precious opportunity to engender an analogous paradigm shift today, refocusing our spiritual energy from the Torah to God, the Giver of the Torah.”<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;">[7]</span><br />— Rabbi Herzl Hefter<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Merriweather, "Sbl hebrew", serif; font-size: 15px;">_________________________________</p><p style="font-family: Merriweather, "Sbl hebrew", serif; font-size: 15px;"><b style="background-color: #ffe599;">FOOTNOTES</b></p><ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, "Sbl hebrew", serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 40px;"><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">Yair Zakovitch, “Scripture and Israeli Secular Culture,” in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Jewish Concepts of Scripture: A Comparative Introduction</em> (ed. Benjamin D. Sommer; New York: New York University Press, 2012), pp. 299–316.</li><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">Stephen Garfinkel, “Applied Peshat: Historical-Critical Method and Religious Meaning,” <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society</em> 22 (1993): 19–28.</li><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">From <a href="https://divinity.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/CRITERION/Circa/Circa_34_WEB.pdf" rel="noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: firebrick !important; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">“An Interview with Simeon Chavel,”</a> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Circa: News from the University of Chicago Divinity School </em>(2010).</li><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">Uriel Simon, “The Religious significance of Peshat” (trans. Edward L. Greenstein), <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tradition</em> 23, no. 2 (1988): 37–38.</li><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">Israel Knoll, <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Divine Symphony: The Bible’s Many Voices</em> (Philadelphia: JPS) 2003.</li><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">Jon A. Levinsohn, “Becoming A Servant,” <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal of Jewish Communal Service</em> 87, nos. 1/2 (Winter/Spring 2012): 104–12.</li><li class="footnote-item" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; direction: ltr; list-style: firebrick; margin-bottom: 0px;">Herzl Hefter, <a href="http://thetorah.com/smashing-luchot-paradigm-shift/" rel="noopener" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: firebrick !important; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Link">“The Smashing of the Luchot as a Paradigm Shift”</a> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">TheTorah</em> (2014).</li></ol><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, "Sbl hebrew", serif; font-size: 15px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Merriweather, "Sbl hebrew", serif; font-size: 15px;">➤➧</span><span style="background-color: #ffd966; font-size: medium;"><i>Check also the Wikibooks in Italian written by </i><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Utente:Monozigote/sandbox6"><b>Monozigote</b></a>:</span></div></div><div class="sym-rtf w-richtext" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 28px; outline: none; overflow: hidden;"><ul style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_cristologica" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie cristologica">Serie cristologica</a> </b>(Christological Series)</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_letteratura_moderna" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie letteratura moderna">Serie letteratura moderna</a> </b>(Modern Literature Series)</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_dei_sentimenti" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie dei sentimenti">Serie dei sentimenti</a> </b>(Series of Sentiments)</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_misticismo_ebraico" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie misticismo ebraico">Serie misticismo ebraico</a> </b>(Jewish Mysticism Series)</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_maimonidea" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie maimonidea">Serie maimonidea</a> </b>(Maimonidean Series)</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><i><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_delle_interpretazioni" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Serie delle interpretazioni">Serie delle interpretazioni</a> </b>(Series of the Interpretations)</i></li></ul></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-42118977588725892702022-11-21T07:00:00.048+00:002022-11-21T15:04:11.605+00:00Paul Hardcastle, Jazzmaster Supremo<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS72TwX97JaESWCPIQJh7BtoPnaNXERk6NSmTe8okN2Z_ROfymZkZ75Ls7ClrVOE47Cks5BYfNwQD8Hx-lc6rjlvaAzTwzDBhIrAnHpChzZxXwfIWYwf5Jm6OXci6ARRQGfU6YyKV1Y5KeCUQaJTN85_DogIzMAwR82zbAYCbhBm910hL6KwAFe91U1w/s1362/Paul-Hardcastle1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="1362" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS72TwX97JaESWCPIQJh7BtoPnaNXERk6NSmTe8okN2Z_ROfymZkZ75Ls7ClrVOE47Cks5BYfNwQD8Hx-lc6rjlvaAzTwzDBhIrAnHpChzZxXwfIWYwf5Jm6OXci6ARRQGfU6YyKV1Y5KeCUQaJTN85_DogIzMAwR82zbAYCbhBm910hL6KwAFe91U1w/w528-h219/Paul-Hardcastle1.jpg" width="528" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Paul Hardcastle</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Paul Louis Hardcastle</b> (born 10 December 1957) is a British <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer">composer</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician">musician</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_producer">producer</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songwriter">songwriter</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_personality">radio presenter</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-instrumentalist">multi-instrumentalist</a>. He is best known for his song <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_(song)">19</a>"</i>, which went to number 1 in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart">UK Singles Chart</a> in 1985.</div><p></p>Hardcastle began his career in 1981 when he became the keyboard player for British soul band Direct Drive. In 1982, Hardcastle and lead vocalist Derek Green left the band to form a duo under the name <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Light_(band)">First Light</a>. They achieved some minor success in the UK charts, but the project was abandoned after two years and Hardcastle pursued a solo career.<br /><br />He achieved some success with his early singles, including the 1984 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental">instrumental</a> track, <i>"Rain Forest"</i>, which along with the track <i>"Sound Chaser"</i>, reached number two on the dance chart. <i>"Rain Forest"</i> also hit number five on the soul chart and number fifty-seven on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100">Billboard Hot 100</a>.<br /><br />Hardcastle is best known for the 1985 single <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_(song)">19</a>"</i>, which went to No. 1 in the UK (for five weeks), as well as several other countries worldwide. It also reached number 15 in the U.S. Pop chart and number 1 in the U.S. Dance charts. The song received the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards">Ivor Novello Award</a> for Best-selling single of 1985. The follow-up single to <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_(song)">19</a>"</i> was "Just for Money", which reached No. 19 in the UK. It also charted in several other European countries.<br /><br />In 1986, Hardcastle released a remix to <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Wish_(Hiroshima_song)">One Wish</a>"</i> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_(band)">Hiroshima</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hardcastle#cite_note-Hiroshima-10">[10]</a> In the same year, Hardcastle's <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wizard_(Paul_Hardcastle_song)">The Wizard</a>"</i> was adopted as the theme tune for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC">BBC's</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops#Theme_music">Top of the Pops</a> weekly chart show. The theme tune was used from 3 April 1986 to 26 September 1991.<br /><br />The song <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Waste_My_Time_(Paul_Hardcastle_song)">Don't Waste My Time</a>"</i>, became Hardcastle's second UK top ten in March 1986. It featured singer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Kenyon">Carol Kenyon</a>, a backing vocalist of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven_17">Heaven 17</a>. In late 1986, Hardcastle collaborated with the supergroup Disco Aid (later rebranded as Dance Aid in 1987) co-producing the charity single <i>"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Give_Give_Give">Give Give Give</a>"</i>.<br /><br />In 1989, Hardcastle resumed working on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Light_(band)">First Light</a>, collaborating with vocalist Kevin Henry, whom he had worked with on previous recordings.<br /><br />Since the 1990s, Hardcastle has <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction">recorded</a> several synth <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz">jazz</a> albums, alternating releases under the pseudonyms Kiss the Sky (with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaki_Graham">Jaki Graham</a>) and the Jazzmasters, as well as under his real name Paul Hardcastle.<div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: #ffd966;">A selection of music videos on YouTube:</span></div><div><span style="background-color: #ffd966;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="368" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dhFgc1S5AwE" width="443" youtube-src-id="dhFgc1S5AwE"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="372" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/X_rTLSCP6us" width="448" youtube-src-id="X_rTLSCP6us"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="373" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EtrJ2-no_Qg" width="450" youtube-src-id="EtrJ2-no_Qg"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="377" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tWo4Y4f5kw4" width="455" youtube-src-id="tWo4Y4f5kw4"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="377" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DOTJ_axMBiE" width="453" youtube-src-id="DOTJ_axMBiE"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="background-color: #ffd966;">...and many more on YouTube under "<b>Paul Hardcastle Greatest Hits</b>" etc.</i></div>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6551622303092846132.post-55497193038257782512022-11-20T16:03:00.000+00:002022-11-20T16:03:18.197+00:00EBREI E GENTILI<p><i style="background-color: #ffe599;"> ...And now one of my wikibooks in Italian:</i></p><div class="noprint" id="siteSub" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: none; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b><div class="noprint" id="siteSub" style="border-bottom: none; display: inline; font-style: oblique;">Wikibooks, manuali e libri di testo liberi scritti da </div><div class="noprint" style="border-bottom: none; display: inline;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serie_maimonidea" target="_blank">Monozigote</a></div></b></span></div></div><div id="contentSub" style="background-color: white; color: #54595d; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.76px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"></div><div id="contentSub2" style="background-color: white; color: #54595d; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.76px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"></div><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></span><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili#mw-head" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #0645ad; display: block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; text-decoration-line: none; width: 1px;">Jump to navigation</a><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili#searchInput" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #0645ad; display: block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; text-decoration-line: none; width: 1px;">Jump to search</a></p><div class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="it" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 1.7em;"><b>EBREI E GENTILI</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 1.25em;"><i><b>Ebrei e non ebrei secondo Mosè Maimonide</b></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Measure_of_men.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Mosè Maimonide insegna la "misura dell'uomo" - miniatura del 1347"><img alt="Mosè Maimonide insegna la "misura dell'uomo" - miniatura del 1347" data-file-height="427" data-file-width="428" decoding="async" height="419" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Measure_of_men.jpg/420px-Measure_of_men.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Measure_of_men.jpg 1.5x" style="border: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;" width="420" /></a></div><h2 style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); color: black; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Indice">Indice</span></h2><div class="floatright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;"><a class="image" href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Maimonides-2.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Maimonide:Ebrei e Gentili"><img alt="Maimonide:Ebrei e Gentili" data-file-height="264" data-file-width="198" decoding="async" height="213" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Maimonides-2.jpg/160px-Maimonides-2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Maimonides-2.jpg 1.5x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="160" /></a></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Copertina" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Copertina">Copertina</a><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Fasi_di_sviluppo" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Aiuto:Fasi di sviluppo"><span class="avz_Ebrei_e_GentiliCopertina" style="margin-left: 3px;"></span></a></b></p><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/common/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Introduzione" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Introduzione">Introduzione</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Teoria" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Teoria">Teoria dell'Intelletto Acquisito</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Ebrei_e_non_ebrei" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Ebrei e non ebrei">Ebrei e non ebrei</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Digressione" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Digressione">Digressione sui 13 Principi</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Israelita" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Israelita">Chi è un "Israelita"?</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Saggi" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Saggi">Saggi non-ebrei e Mondo a venire</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Universalista" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Universalista">Maimonide universalista?</a></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ebrei_e_Gentili/Bibliografia" style="background: none; color: #0645ad; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Ebrei e Gentili/Bibliografia">Bibliografia</a></b></p></div></div><p><br /></p>daubmirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03064747499097619873noreply@blogger.com0